B1. Scattering and Diffraction
In URSI Commission B, the topic “scattering and
diffraction” is a broad and very important subject area. There has been a great
progress during the last three years in developing various solution methods and
new results related to this topic. There are a number of simple, canonical
two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) targets.
Summarized below is the recent progress in the research
carried out in
In the following, we have provided a
summary of the research related to this topic, which, however, is closely
related to all the other topics B2-B8. It is therefore suggested that readers
also refer to the results summarized in Sections B2 to B8.
1.1 Basic Electromagnetic Fields Analysis
Recently there has been an increasing interest
for the
basic electromagnetic fields analysis such as Helmholtz's theorem, Kramers-Kronig relation , superluminal
group velocity , optical ray fields,
polarization of the Poynting flux ,and guided wave fields.
Hosono [2002] investigated a new extension
for the Helmholtz's theorem, which is based on the vector fields. This new expression
of the theorem has been applied to those fields which are finite at infinity .For
the
Kramers-Kronig relation, Hosono and Hosono [2003] proposed a
new algorithm that uses the Kramers-Kronig relation extended to complex
frequency domain, and that can easily be carried out by a computer, and also
analyzed the problem of negative group velocity, and showed that the group
velocity of a wave packet is nothing but the phase velocity of the envelope.
For the superluminal group velocity, Hosono and Hosono [2004] studied the precise waveforms of a causal
half-sine-modulated pulse and a triangle-modulated pulse propagating in the
Lorentz medium, and also clarified the effects of
analyticity of signal to deepen understanding of the mechanism of superluminal
group velocity theoretic consideration of a network.
Tokumaru [2002] introduced an optical ray
field which satisfies the law of electromagnetic energy density flow in
geometrical optics , and also proved to be the electromagnetic plane wave field
when the optical ray field satisfying Maxwell's equations. For the polarization
of the Poynting flux, Tokumaru [2003a] investigated an elliptic locus of the
tip of the real-time Poynting flux of electromagnetic fields by 4 in term of a
concept of the polarization. For the guided wave fields, Tokumaru [2003b] investigated
the E-type and H-type guided phenomena , a
reversal conception toward the guided waves , as it guided wave fields based on
energy-transport relations. This new guided wave fields agree with the usual
guided waves, if the new guided wave field satisfy the Maxwell's equations.
1.2 Periodic Array Structures
Recently, the scattering problems of periodic dielectric or metallic grating
with inhomogeneous media have been of considerable interest, such as photonic
bandgap crystals , frequency selective devices, optical fiber gratings ,and so
on.
For the dielectric grating, the multilayered periodic arrays , and crossed-arrays of circular cylinders has been analyzed by[Jandieri
and Yasumoto[2004], Yasumoto and Jia[2004a], Yasumoto[2004b] and Yasumoto
et al.[2004c]] using the lattice sums technique, the aggregate T-matrix algorithm, and
the generalized reflection and transmission matrices for a layered system. They also analyzed the lossy circular
cylinders embedded in a dielectric slab , and with multiple eccentric
cylindrical inclusions by Yasumoto and Jia[2003] and Toyama et al. [2003], respectively. Yamasaki et al.[2002] analyzed the columnar
dielectric gratings with elliptically layered medium using the improved Fourier series expansion method and
the multilayer method. Watanabe K. [2003] analyzed the sinusoidal and echelette gratings
in an anisotoropic medium using Li's Fourier factorization rules , but a
coupled first-order differential-equation set is derived using only the Laurent
rule , and also investigated the convergence of this formulation . Komatsu et
al.[2003] analyzed the dielectric gratings in conical mounting by applying inverse
rule to matrix eigenvalue method that is using the Fourier series expansion for
relative permittivity and the spatial harmonics expansion for electromagnetic
fields.
On the other hand, for the metallic
gratings, Wakabayashi et al.[2003] analyzed the thin metallic grating with a
thickness profile using a
combination of the Fourier series expansion method and the multilayered step
method. The convergence of this method is improved using the spatial
harmonics of flux densities instead of electromagnetic fields normal to the
surface of a metallic grating. Wakabayashi et al.[2004] also investigated a thin metallic grating placed in conical
mounting as a lossy dielectric grating expressed by complex permittivity and
thickness using the resistive boundary condition and the spectral Galerkin
procedure, and investigated the availability
of the resistive boundary condition for thin metallic gratings in conical
mounting. Asai et al.[2002a] analyzed the electromagnetic waves interacting with
a planar-stratified bianisotropic medium with a strip grating using the 4 × 4
matrix-based approach and the moment method, and investigated a periodically-
apertured metallic sheet on a uniaxial chiral slab[Asai et al.[2002b]] and an
anisotoropic chiral slab[Asai et al.[2002c]] using same methods. Asai et
al.[2003] also analyzed the diffraction from a uniaxial chiral slab with a
two-dimensional periodic array of conducting patches is by the matrix-based
approach using the coupled mode equations and the moment method.
Jia and Yasumoto [2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2004d] analyzed the scattering from periodic arrays of the metallic
cylinders with arbitrary cross section using the generalized scattering matrix combined with the modal method ,and
also shown that the convergence of the solution is very fast and the accuracy
is very high.
Yamasaki et al.[2004] proposed a new method for the scattering of electromagnetic
waves by inhomogeneous dielectric gratings with perfectly conducting strip
using the improved Fourier series
expansion and point matching method.
The solar cell
module is recently installed on the periodic walls of multistory buildings with
a public attention to the clean energy. However, it gives rise to a ghosting
phenomenon in TV for much more wide area.
Hatakeyama et al[2003, 2004] investigated a reflection reducing
method of for a frequency range of the digital broadcasting by using solar cell
module embedded in the windows and found that the reflection can be reduced
over 10 [dB] by optimizing the module arrangement and the wire structure
connecting the cell.
1.3 Cavity
Structures
Ohnuki and Hinata [2003] have analyzed the transient
scattering by a parallel-plate
waveguide cavity numerically using the point matching technique and numerical inversion of
Sekiguchi et al. [2003] proposed an algorithm to
estimate non-destructively the depth of a crack using the electromagnetic
waves, and investigated the periodical sharp dips in the scattering by a though
on a conducting surface ,it the first dip frequency corresponds to the crack
depth. This algorithm can estimate the depth of a crack within 3 percent error.
Shirai and Sekiguchi [2004] also proposed a simple estimation formula and
measurement method for a crack on metal surfaces, and studied the dependencies
of the crack's aperture and the incident angle and considered as the depth
obtained estimation parameters.
The three –
dimensional (3-D) cavity formed by a
finite circular waveguide with a planar termination at the open end has been
rigorously analyzed the case of the axial symmetric diffraction problem by Kobayashi
and his colleagues using the Wiener-Hopf technique [Kuryliak et al., 2002a.200b].They
also analyzed the vector diffraction problem for a circular waveguide cavity
rigorously using Wiener-Hopf technique [Kuryliak et al., 2004a.2004b,2004c].
1.4 Canonical
Structures
Hashimoto [2004]
studied the scattering of the two dimensional electromagnetic waves by the
infinite sequences of zeros arising on the complex plane, which just correspond
to the null points of the far field pattern given as a function of the
azimuthal angle θ, and also evaluated the convergent sequences of zeros around
the point of infinity when the scattering objects are assumed to be N-polygonal
cylinders. It was shown that if the locations of zeros are determined
appropriately, the every edge condition can be satisfied, also shown that there
are N-directions of convergence, which tend to infinity.
Shimoda et al.[2004] analyzed the plane wave scattering by an inhomogeneous plane whose surface impedance
changes locally on the plane with
the aid of the Fourier transform derives an integral equation, which is
approximately solved by the method of least-squares , and expressed the scattering phenomenon using the incomplete
Lipschitz-Hankel integral .
Yokota and
Kai[2002a] analyzed the Scattering of a
Hermite-Gaussian beam wave which expressed as a superposition of multipole
fields at complex source points by a chiral cylinder and the scattered near
fields of the beam incidence are calculated and the effects of chirality, the
polarization and the radius of the chiral cylinder on the fields are examined. They also analyzed the Scattering of a
Hermite-Gaussian beam by two Chiral Cylinders[Yokota and
Kinoshita[2002b]].
1.5 (3-D) Structures
For the
3-dimensional electromagnetic wave scattering problem , the choices of the
parameters and the weighting functions are very important in the integral
equation. Matsuhara et al. [2003] evaluated the choices of the parameters and
the weighting functions by making the condition number into the evaluation
basis for using integral equation.
Koba et al.[2003]
proposed a rapid algorithm on the Yasuura method using an array of multipoles
as well as a conventional multipole for the 3-D electromagnetic scattering
problems by dielectric objects which we need to solve a big size simultaneous
linear equation. They also obtained the radar cross sections of dielectric
objects in the optical wave region over a relative wide frequency range and a
TDG pulse response.
Murasaki [2002]
proposed a new method by transforming a
Miyamoto et al.[2003] analyzed the fiber grating, embedded and
raised strip periodic waveguides with rectangular cross-section using revised
Fourier series expansion method which is effective for the analysis on various
kinds of 3-dimensional periodic waveguides with arbitrary number of periods.
The analysis of near
optical fields around an aperture in metallic screens is fundamental problem in
electromagnetic theory. Tanka et al.
[2003a, 2004a] analyzed numerically the optical near-field
in a small aperture and a subwavelength-size aperture in a thick metallic
screen by the three-dimensional
volume integral equation with generalized minimum residual method and fast
Fourier transformation. Tanka et al.
[2003b, 2004b] analyzed a thick metallic screen that provides a I-shaped
subwavelength aperture for high intensity and small spot size ,and also proposed
a modification of I-shaped aperture in a pyramidal structure on a thick
metallic screen Tanka et al. [2004c, 200d].
(T. Yamasaki)
B2. Inverse Scattering
Accurate and effective mathematical approach to the inverse scattering problems will be useful in many applications of electromagnetic and optical engineering. The estimation of material using wave is a typical problem and Ishida. et al. [2004a] [2004b], described a novel approach using extended T-matrix elements.
Classification of surface condition can be extended from a small scale to a very large scale. Classical classification techniques were known for applications to land use classification in remote sensing, but new approaches have been proposed. Hirose et al. [2001] and Minami, et al. [2003], showed a method using neural-network for land classification.
Radar polarimetry for SAR is another very powerful approach for land
use classification. This kind of research is active in
Radar interferometry is another classical approach to land use classification in SAR, and effective algorithms for phase unwrapping have been developed. Suksmono and Hirose tried adaptive signal processing [Suksmono et al., 2002a, 2002b], and they used space wave number domain approach [Suksmono etl.al.2003], and Monte-Carlo approach [Suksmono et al. 2002c] to this problem.
Super resolution techniques such as MUSIC have been applied to accurate target location in radar. Location estimation of cylindrical scatters using a MUSIC algorithm was applied to borehole radar by Miwa et al. [2004a]. The experiment in water is carried out so that this method can estimate the location of the cylinders horizontally separated by 4 lambda. And a MUSIC algorithm was successfully introduced to locate point targets surrounded by transmitting and receiving linear array [Miwa 2004b]. The resolution of imaging is greatly improved in comparison with a conventional diffraction stacking method. Super resolution algorithm can be used for various kinds of applications. Akimoto et al. [2004] applied MUSIC algorithm for locating near-field electromagnetics emissional sources and applied it to PCB. Super resolution techniques can be used for geophysical parameter estimation in remote sensing, and Yamada, [2002 proposed an approach for polarimetric SAR interferometry based on the ESPRIT and showed accurate estimation technique of tree height. The proposed technique has a feature to detect local scattering centers corresponding to the canopy top and the ground. Then Sato [2003a] examined performance of ESPRIT-based polarimetric SAR interferometry for the forest analysis. The ESPRIT technique can resolve local scattering centers as many as independent observed channels, that means the technique can detect three local scattering centers in the forest at the maximum with fully polarimetric data sets. By using this feature, they showed experimentally that the tree height estimation accuracy can be improved when they analyze additional local scattering center between canopy top and the ground. This is a powerful technique for the forest analysis, however estimated tree height would sometimes be biased. Yamada et al. [2003] showed that strong volume scattering causes the bias, therefore the estimated results should be carefully evaluated for the dense forest analysis.
Due to recent development of powerful numerical forward simulation techniques such as FDTD, and the advanced time-domain measurement techniques, multi-dimensional time-domain inversion algorithm became quite practical inversion scheme. An iterative inverse-scattering approach to reconstruction of electrical parameter distributions of a three-dimensional object by using time-domain filed data was presented by Takenaka et al. [2003]. Numerical examples of simulation data were given to assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In order to improve the image quality from the FBTS method, Tanaka et al. [2003] proposed a new reconstruction algorithm. The measured time-domain data are low-pass filtered and the FBTS algorithm was used for the filtered data. Numerical results show the effectiveness. An iterative time-domain algorithm for reconstructing three-dimensional lossy objects using microwave data transmitted and collected by dipole antennas was presented by Zhou et al. [2003a]. Numerical examples showed that the algorithm can reconstruct simultaneously from noise-free and noisy data the permittivity and conductivity. A new iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of two-dimensional biaxial anisotropic objects was developed using time-domain scattering data by Takenaka et al. [2001]. All of the calculations in both the forward and inversion algorithms were carried out efficiently in the time domain using the finite-difference time-domain method.
Subsurface sensing is one of typical areas which requires powerful inversion technique. Researches for borehole exploration tools such as borehole radar, which is a radar system used in drilled boreholes, have many similarities to medical imaging engineering, but uses much lower frequency. Liu et al. [2002] proposed an electromagnetic logging technique based on borehole radar, which can measure the dielectric constant and conductivity of the formation rock simultaneously by radar technology. When multiple boreholes are available, we can measure electromagnetic wave propagation between two boreholes and tomographic imaging can be applied. However, in general, location of sensors are strongly limited, and the problem is quite difficult. Zhou et al [2004] compared travel time tomography and image reconstruction by migration for a subsurface cavity. The result of tomography indicates that there is an anomalous area, and the result of migration gave a more accurate position of the cavity. This result shows that borehole radar has a very high resolution, when signal processing is applied properly. A two-step iterative approach for imaging two-dimensional buried objects by cross-hole radar data in the time domain was proposed by Jia [2002]: the first step is to reduce the search region to a smaller one and the second step is the accurate reconstruction of the targets in the small region.
Powerful inverse scattering algorithm is possible, only when data sets with high quality is available. Especially, recent development of inversion algorithm requires time-domain data and broad-band signal acquisition. Broad band radar systems have been developed for these purposes, and they are practically used in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and UWB applications. Conventional GPR systems are quasi-monostatic radar systems. Sato [2003b] proposed a new Bistatic GPR system using a passive optical sensor for landmine detection and applied for landmine detection [Sato 2003c, 2004b]. This is a compact bistatic radar system, which is suitable for scanning above a ground surface, where possibly landmines are buried. Inaba et al. [2004] developed a wideband and compact microwave front-end circuit for adaptive plastic landmine imaging arrays, which is a Ku-band radar system.
Subsurface imaging and characterization of buried objects by radar
is quite typical problem on inverse scattering. Last one decade, studies on
landmine detection have been quite, and especially last few years this kinds of
research gathered interest in
GPR for landmine detection requires very wide frequency operation to achieve very high resolution. This technology has many similarities to UWB for communication. Fang, et al. [2002b] showed optimization technique of Vivaldi antenna for demining by GPR, and Sato, et al. [2003d], developed antenna and a stepped-frequency GPR system, and Kobayashi, et al. [2004], showed a GPR system for landmine detection using an array antenna.
Detection and identification from radar signal is important in landmine detection. Nishimoto et al. have developed high range-resolution radar signatures using a hidden Markov Model [Nishimoto 2003, 2004a-c]. Another approach for identification of buried targets were reported by Hara [2004], and Hirose et al. [Hirose et al.204, 2003 a,b]using Complex-valued self-organizing map dealing with multi-frequency interferometeric data.
Radar Sensing and related techniques can be applied in various aspects of security of a society. Radar imaging is a promising candidate for the environment measurement of rescue robots. However, it requires long calculation time to obtain the shape of targets close to antennas by using conventional algorithms, which cannot be applied to real-time applications. Sakamaoto[2004b] found a reversible transform between the received signals and the target shapes under a certain condition, which enables us to estimate target shapes quickly and accurately. Then Sakamoto[2004d] expanded the fast 2-D imaging algorithm SEABED [2004b] in order to estimate 3-D target shapes. They showed that the proposed algorithm can obtain 3-D image in a short time. It is indispensable to utilize the phase of signals to obtain high-resolution image, especially for UWB pulse radars. However, the scattered signal is affected by a phase rotation effect which depends on the shape of target. Sakamoto[2004e] proposed a phase compensation method by using the characteristic of received signals. This method enables us to obtain an accurate image regardless the target shape.
(M. Sato)
B3. Computational
Techniques
The Computational Techniques is an important
topic area today: Although the number of references cited here is relatively
small, we cannot forget that the great part of research works mentioned in
other topic areas are supported by recent improvements in numerical
computation. Here, the recent
progress in the area is summarized with a reference to several important papers
published during the last three years.
3.1 Finite-Difference
and Finite-Element Methods
Uno et
al. [2002] solved the problem of radiation from a dipole antenna placed near a
human head phantom using the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method
combined with a surface-impedance boundary condition. Arima and Uno [2002] and Arima et al.
[2002] introduced quasi-static approximation in the FD-TD scheme for a linear
and a patch antenna to improve the accuracy of solutions. Arima et al. [2003] and Pongpaibool et
al. [2003] employed the same method in calculating the input impedance of a
bent antenna and in solving the problem of radiation from a short dipole
antenna. Uno [2003] published a
review paper on antenna design using the FD-TD method. Kida et al. [2004] proposed an FD-TD
scheme to analyze the problem of an obliquely fed planer antenna.
Mochizuki
et al. [2002] examined the proper size of a human head phantom for the standard
measurement of SAR based on FD-TD simulation. Mochizuki et al. [2004] proposed a
hybrid formulation combining the method of moments and the FD-TD for solving
Bio-EMC problems.
Yokota
and Sugio [2002a, 2002b] applied a multigrid method in the investigation of
lightwave propagation in a 2-D optical waveguide.
Kuroda
and Kawano [2002] and Kawano et al. [2003] applied the FD-TD method to the
problem of a moving or rotating body.
Kawano et al. [2003], Kawano et al. [2004] and Kuroda et al. [2004],
employing a body-fitted grid generation technique, solved the problems of MEMS-based
variable devices.
3.2 Integral
Equation Methods
Nakashima
et al. [2003] and Nakashima and Tateiba [2003a] applied Greengard-Rokhlin’s
fast multipole algorithm in solving the problems of diffraction by many
cylinders made of dielectric and perfect conductor. Nakashima and Tateiba [2003b] employed
the algorithm to analyze the problem of conducting sphere and examined the
computational complexity. They used
the algorithm for numerical computation of scattering from randomly distributed
circular cylinders [Nakashima and Tateiba 2003c]. The same authors proposed an improved
Greengard-Rokhlin fast multipole algorithm to reduce computational complexity
[Nakashima and Tateiba 2004].
Yokota
[2004a, 2004b] combined a multigrid method with the method of moments in analyzing
the scattering of a Gaussian beam by a nonlinear and an inhomogeneous
dielectric cylinder.
3.3 Modal
Expansion Methods
Zinenko
et al. [2002] combining the modal expansion and a semi-inversion technique,
analyzed the diffraction by an impedance strip grating.
Okuno
et al. [2002], in solving the problem of diffraction by a deep relief grating,
employed a combination of up- and down-going plane waves to extend the range of
application of the modal expansion approach. Matsuda et al. [2002] and Okuno et al.
[2004] applied Yasuura’s modal expansion method to investigate plasmon
resonance absorption.
3.4 Miscellanea
Matsuoka
et al. [2003] proposed a dedicated computer to obtain high performance
computation in simulation of microwave devices. The computer copes with finite-difference
time-domain (FD-TD) and finite integration technique (FIT) schemes and achieves
terra-flops performance.
(Y. Okuno)
B4. High
Frequency Technique
The approximation principle of Physical
Optics (PO) has been reviewed in view of diffraction theory[Ando, 2003]. Two
key error factors are identified for
The visualization of the scattering and diffraction
phenomena by PO has been studied to provide the intuitive understanding of
local property of HF diffraction as well as the relations between PO and the
ray techniques such as GTD, UTD etc. [Shijo et al., 2004a], [Shijo et al.,
2004b]. PO visualization demonstrates (i) local property of the high frequency
scattering, (ii) defects associated with ray techniques, (iii)
The local corrections to PO have been
considered that the currents only at the critical regions are derived by MoM
after defining
A spatio-temporal channel
characterization of a suburban non line-of-sight microcellular environment, in
which azimuth-delay profiles obtained by the experiment are compared with
ray-tracing simulation, has been reported in [Takada et al., 2002]. The results
are statistically treated step by step to extract model parameters in order to
characterize the spatio-temporal channel. The experimental results are used to
improve the accuracy of the simulation process. A very good agreement between
the simulation and the experiment has been obtained, with the exception of the
exponential decay of the delay profile. The results can be directly used to
implement the stochastic spatio-temporal channel model, based on the
deterministic ray-tracing simulations.
Simulation techniques for the estimation
of non specular wave propagation characteristics on the building surface have
been developed in [Budiarto et al., 2004a] and [Budiarto et al., 2004b]. Physical
Optics (PO) approximation is performed to approximate equivalent currents and
the total fields on the integration surface. Model of the rectangular
microstrip array antenna was scanned spatially to detect multipath wave
scattering. Superresolution method was also applied as an approach to handle
the signal parameters (DOA, TOA) of the individual incoming waves scattered
from building surface roughness. The experimental and simulation results of
signal parameter of arrival waves are compared in order to investigate accuracy
of the prediction model. Also, the Method Of Moments (MOM) analysis of the
electromagnetic wave scattering from the 2D rough surface model of the building
is presented in the mobile communication area [Budiarto and Takada, 2001]. The
fluctuation of the field strength due to the change of the specular reflection
point on the surface has been evaluated by the Nakagami-Rice distribution and
the autocorrelation function.The effects of incident angle and frequency are
also clarified.
Novel high-frequency uniform asymptotic
solution (extended UTD) for the scattered field by a conducting circular
cylinder has been derived in [Ida and Ishihara, 2004a]. The modified UTD has
also been derived from the new extended Pekeris caret function by applying the
residue theorem. The extended UTD and the modified UTD can be applied in the
wide area extending from the transition region near the shadow boundary to the
deep shadow region where the current UTD becomes increasingly inaccurate. The
studies on the scattering by the conducting cylinder have been extended to the
scattering problem by an impedance circular cylinder [Ida and Ishihara, 200b].
The novel extended UTD and the modified UTD derived by applying the
higher-order asymptotic formulas for the cylindrical functions, can be applied even
in the region where the current UTD becomes increasingly inaccurate. The
extended UTD and the modified UTD derived above have also been extended to the
scattering problem by a dielectric cylinder [Ida and Ishihara, 2004c]. Comparisons
with the exact solution calculated from the eigenfunction expansion confirm the
validity of the extended UTD and the modified UTD solutions for the dielectric
cylinder.
The new modified UTD for the scattered
fields by a dielectric circular cylinder has been derived which is applicable
in the transition regions near the geometrical boundaries produced by the
incident ray on the dielectric cylinder from the tangential direction [Ida and
Ishihara, 2004d], [Ida and Ishihara, 2004e]. Also derived are the uniform
geometrical ray solutions applicable near the geometrical boundaries and near
the caustics produced by the ray family reflected on the internal concave
boundary of the dielectric cylinder. A time-domain asymptotic analysis has been
discussed for the scattered electromagnetic fields when the cylindrical wave is
incident on a dielectric cylinder [Ida and Ishihara, 2003]. The Gaussian-type
modulated pulse source has been applied. The time-domain scattered field
solutions are applicable in the transition regions near the geometrical
boundaries, and near the caustics. Comparisons of the time-domain asymptotic
solution with the reference solution confirm the validity of the proposed asymptotic
solution.
Diffraction
of electromagnetic waves by an aperture in a thin conducting screen has been
treated by the aperture field methods (AFM) [Kawano and Ishihara, 2003]. The
new extended Fraunhofer solution applicable in the Fresnel region and the
uniform AFM solution applicable in the transition regions near the geometrical
boundaries have been derived. Also derived are the new criteria for applying the
Fraunhofer solution and the non-uniform asymptotic AFM solution. Comparisons
with the reference solutions obtained form the numerical integration and from
the method of moments reveal the applicable ranges of the various solutions for
the diffracted field. Also, the
high-frequency scattered field by the conducting strip has been obtained by
applying the UTD [Kawano and Ishihara, 2004]. From the UTD, the two versions of
the Keller’s GTD have been derived without applying the “trick” introduced in
the paper by Keller. The first version (the second version) is applicable in
the region close to (far away from) the conducting strip. Also derived is the novel
criterion for applying the GTD. It is shown that, as the observation point moves
far away from the strip in the illuminated region, the geometrical ray appeared
in the UTD is cancelled by the portions of the edge diffracted rays, thereby
validating the second version of Keller’s GTD, which does not include the
geometrical ray term. The validity and applicable range of the GTD and the UTD
are confirmed by comparing with the reference solution calculated from the
method of moments.
(T. Ishihara)
B5. Transient
Fields
The analysis of transient scattering has
been of great interest in conjunction with ultra-wideband and ultra-short pulse
technologies and their applications. The research has progressed in fundamental
theory of transient phenomena, analytical and numerical techniques for
transient analysis, and joint time-frequency analysis of scattering data. It is
noted that this summary is based on the papers submitted to the topic area
"Transient Fields" from researchers. There are many other papers that
are closely related to this area and they can easily be found in summaries of
other topic areas.
5.1 General Theory
Yoshida [2003, 2004] simulated rotational
and divergent components of near fields around changing charges using the
condensed node Spatial Network Method (SNM) for vector and scalar potential
fields, and investigated the fundamental properties of the near fields around
changing charges.
5.2 Scattering and Diffraction
Nishimoto et al. [2001] analyzed
scattering responses from a dielectric sphere in the time-frequency domain by
using two types of wavelet transform in order to reveal the scattering
mechanism. In the resulting time-frequency display, various scattering
processes including reflection, refraction, and diffraction were clearly
resolved and identified. Nishimoto et al. [2004] also analyzed electromagnetic
pulse responses from multi-layered plasma media in time-frequency domain by
using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and investigated the scattering
mechanism of electromagnetic waves in plasma media.
5.3 Guided Waves and
Propagation
Shimoda et al. [2002, 2003] analyzed transient
phenomena of electromagnetic waves caused by a time dependent resistive screen
in a waveguide. In this work, the Wiener-Hopf technique was employed in the
formulation of the problem and closed form expressions of transient fields were
obtained. Numerical results were given for some typical cases and propagation
characteristics of the transient waves for sudden and gradual change of the
resistivity of the screen were investigated.
5.4 Numerical Techniques
(M. Nishimoto)
B6. Wave in random, inhomogeneous,
nonlinear and complex media
6.1 Wave propagation and scattering in
random media
By use of a dense medium radiative transfer equation (DMRT), Tateiba and Matsuoka [2002] deal with the scattering from a layer, in which spherical lossy particles are randomly distributed. By four different multiple scattering theories, they estimated the parameters of DMRT, which largely affect the scattering cross section. Next, the backscattering from moisture soil is studied for detecting water content of soil. Regarding moisture soil as a dense random medium, Matsuoka and Tateiba [2002] calculated the backscattering cross section for both vertical and horizontal polarizations of incidence by DMRT, where the effective dielectric constant is obtained from a multiple scattering theory proposed previously by Tateiba. Two and three layer random media are introduced for modeling the inhomogeneous water distribution in soil in the depth direction [Matsuoka and Tateiba, 2003a; 2003b]. Then, the backscattering cross section is calculated against the fractional volume of water and against frequency [Matsuoka and Tateiba, 2004],
On the other hand, Tamura and Nakayama [2004] deal with the two-dimensional problem of scattering from a thin random film with one-dimensional disorder, which is anisotropic in statistical sense. Statistical properties of the scattering are calculated by use of the multiple renormalized mass operator.
6.2 Environmental propagation
Wave scattering from a conducting body surrounded by continuous random media is studied by use of a current generator and an approximate solution for the fourth moment of Green's function in random media. For both E-wave and H-wave incidence, the backscattering cross sections of a conducting circular cylinder and concave-convex cylinder with a concavity index is calculated as a function of target size, concavity index, and the spatial coherence length of incident wave [Ocla and Tateiba, 2002; 2003a;2003b;2004a;2004b]. From various numerical results, it was concluded that the enhancement of radar cross section becomes two when the target size is much smaller or larger than the spatial coherence length of incident wave. However, the enhancement of radar cross section oscillates irregularly close to two when the target size is comparable with the spatial coherence length of incident wave.
However, discussions were extended from the mono-static radar cross section to the bi-static cross section by use of the same method [Tateiba and Meng, 2001; Meng and Tateiba, 2004a]. From numerical calculations for a conductive cylinder target, the backscattering enhancement is shown to become weak and to disappear when the intensity of fluctuation of random media increases. They also analyzed the effect of scale size of the random media. It is then reported that a twin depression appears at the both side of the backscattering enhancement peak in the angular distribution and the scattering enhancement may occur not only in the backward direction but also in other directions [Meng and Tateiba, 2004b]. The bi-static cross section is also calculated for a convex-concave target in random media [Tateiba et al., 2002a; 2002b; 2004]. At a specific configuration of the target, a large enhancement is reported in H-wave case [Tateiba, 2004].
On the other hand, Ocla and Tateiba [2003c] propose an indirect method estimating the radar-cross section of a conductive target in random media, where the random wave incident on a conductive target is replaced with a Gaussian beam with a beam width equal to the spatial coherent length of the random incident wave.
6.3 Rough surface scattering
By use of FVTD method and the Pierson-Moskowitz spectral model, Yoon et al. [2002] analyzed numerically the electromagnetic wave scattering from ocean-like lossy dielectric rough surface, where the scattering cross section for a low grazing angle of incidence is obtained successfully. On the other hand, Tamura and Nakayama [2003] studied a plane wave reflection from a flat surface, of which position is randomly distributed in the normal direction. A new mathematical formula expanding the reflection coefficient into Hermite polynomials is presented. The wave scattering from a finite periodic surface was studied on the basis of the periodic Fourier transform, where the scattered wave with a continuous spectrum is regarded as a sum of diffraction beams with discrete index of diffraction order [Nakayama and Tsuji, 2002]. Numerical examples of diffraction beam power are obtained against the angle of incidence for a sinusoidal rough surface [Nakayama and Kitada, 2003].
From optical speckle patterns observed for several disorder materials such as paper and ceramic surface, the probability distribution of scattering intensities was found to be a Laplace distribution even in the backscattering direction [Murakami and Nakayama, 2003],
6.4 Chiral media
Asai et al. [2004] give a review on natural and artificial chiral media, where electromagnetic wave propagation and several engineering applications are discussed.
However, wave propagation in a discrete random media containing randomly distributed chiral spheres is analyzed. Assuming a randomly deformed periodic array of chiral spheres and using the multiple scattering theory, Nanbu et al. [2002a] obtain the effective constitutive parameters, which are compared with those from the Maxwell-Garnett method. For several combined values of dielectric constants and chirality of spheres, the effective dielectric constant and the effective chirality are calculated against the volume fraction of spheres [Nanbu et al., 2002b; 2002c; 2004a; 2004b]. It is then found that the imaginary parts of effective dielectric constant and effective chirality become maximal when the volume fraction is about 0.1 or 0.2.
On the other hand, Ochi et al. [2004] deal with the wave propagation in composite random media, which consist of randomly and sparsely distributed sets of identical aggregate spheres. Each set of aggregate spheres is made up of two kind of spherical particles, dielectric or chiral particle. By use of T-matrix of a sphere, the effective propagation constants are estimated for left- and right-handed polarizations.
(J. Nakayama)
B7. Guided Waves
7.1 Guided Wave Theory
A high permittivity LSE-NRD guide has been proposed for a new type of millimeter-wave antenna application [Kuroki, F. et al., 2003a], and various types of comb lines have been employed for filter applications: a dual-plane comb line [Kitamura, K. et al., 2002, and Suizu, S. et al., 2003], a folded comb line [Yoshisha, K. et al., 2003a, Kitamura, T. et al., 2003, and Ochiai, N. et al., 2004], and a comb line with coupling windows or composite resonators[Kikuchi, K. et al., 2003 and Yoshida, K. et al., 2003b]. The dispersion behavior on modified microstrip lines has been also investigated [Murata, M., et al., 2003, and Tsuji, M. and H. Shigesawa, 2004]. Furthermore, a quasi-leaky mode has been discovered on slot line and conductor-backed coplanar strips [Tsuji, M. et al., 2002a].
7.2 Non Planar Waveguides
Reflector grating in a metallic rectangular waveguide has been investigated from points of metal loss and compactness [Kondoh, S. et. al., 2003, and 2004]. An efficient analysis of lossy discontinuities in waveguide has been proposed by Shiraishi, T. et al. [2002, 2003a, and 2003b], and an rigorous analysis using Fourier transform technique has been applied to a rectangular waveguide coupler [Jia, H., et al., 2004a] and rectangular groove waveguides [Jia, H,. et al., 2004b]. Stub-loaded ridge waveguide of single-mode operation has been also investigated for leaky-wave antenna application [M. Tsuji, et al., 2004]. Furthermore nonlinear propagation characteristics have been analyzed for various waves interacting with electron beam [Hirata, A. et al., 2002a and 2002b, Shiozawa, T., et al., 2002], and hollow ferrite waveguides have been investigated by Tsutsumi M. and K. Okubo[2002, 2003].
7.3 Planar and Quasi-Planar Waveguides
Various types of left-handed transmission lines have been proposed and its applications have been investigated [Caloz, C. et al., 2003a, 2003b, and 2004, and Sanada, A., et al., 2004a, 2004b, and 2004c]. Cylindrical coplanar waveguides with finite metallization thickness have been analyzed by extended spectral domain approach [Yamamoto, H. et al., 2004], and a YIG film microstrip line in a nonuniform bias magnetic field has been done by the FDTD method [Okubo, K. et al., 2001]. Tapered microstrip lines [Tsuji, M. et al., 2002b] and a CPW with a patch of conductor [Watanabe, S., et al., 2003] have been employed for filter applications. Furthermore, leaky-wave properties of planar-circuit transmission lines have been deeply investigated in the millimeter-wave region [Shigesawa, H. and M. Tsuji, 2001 and 2002] and existence of quasi leaky modes has been verified experimentally [Tsuji, M. and H. Shigesawa, 2003].
7.4 Dielectric and Optical Waveguides
Nonlinear optical waveguides or fibers have been analyzed by various
methods: full-vector finite-element beam propagation method [
Perfectly matched layers used in finite element methods have been developed for analyzing optical-waveguide discontinuities [Saitoh, K. and M. Koshiba, 2001, Tsuji, Y. and M. Koshiba, 2003, and Kono, N. et al., 2004a]. Finite element methods have been applied to extraction of coupling coefficients in natural, single-phase, unidirectional SAW transducers [Hasegawa, K. et al., 2001] and to nonreciprocal magnet-photonic crystal waveguides [Kono, N. and Y. Tsuji, 2004b], and also the beam propagation methods have been used for analyzing second harmonic generation [Tsuji, Y. and M. Koshiba, 2001] and photonic crystal waveguide couplers [Koshiba, M. 2001]. Various photonic crystal waveguides have been investigated by Iida, Y., et al. [Iida, Y. et al., 2003a, Kinoshita, T., et al., 2003, and Ogawa, Y. et al., 2004], and Yasumoto, K. et al. [Yasumoto, K. and H. Jia, 2003 and 2004, Yasumoto, K. et al., 2004].
Kuroki, F. et al. have developed various millimeter-wave devices based on NRD guide [2003b, 2004b, and 2004c] and also coupled-HNRD-guide directional couplers with flat coupling have been proposed [Kishihara, M. et al., 2003]. Nanometric optical circuits based on surface plasmon polariton gap-waveguides have been investigated by Tanaka, K. and M. Tanaka [2003a and 2003b] and 2D photonic crystal waveguide with uni-axial anisotropy or chiral medium have been analyzed by Satoh. H. et al. [2003 and 2004].
Branch circuits and all-optical logic gates using optical nonlinear waveguide have been investigated by Yabu, T. et al. [2002a, 2002b, 2002c, and 2004]. Furthermore, Fourier series expansion methods have been developed for analyzing inset dielectric guides [Jia, H. et al., 2001], and optical waveguides with periodical structure [Miyamoto, T. et al., 2003, and Momoda, M., et al., 2004b].
7.5 Resonant Modes
Zeroth-order resonance in transmission line resonators with left-handed media have been investigated by Sanada, A. et al [2003a and 2004b] and also dielectric resonators based on artificial dielectrics have been applied to bandpass filter [Awai, I. et al., 2002 and 2003b, Kubo, H. et al., 2004, and Munir, A. et al., 2004]. Resonant characteristics have been investigated for high-temperature superconducting coplanar waveuigde stepped-impedance resonators [Sanada, A. et al., 2003b] and unloaded Q in image resonator has been improved due to shift of electromagnetic field distribution [Kubo. H. et al., 2003].
NRD ring resonators have been applied to channel dropping filters and duplexers at 60 GHz [Kuroki, F. et al., 2003c and 2004a]. Whispering-gallery modes of a dielectric disk in the millimeter-wave region have been used for complex permittivity measurement [Tamura, H. et al., 2003a and 2003b] and bandpass filter [Sato, Y., et al., 2003 and 2004], and resonance characteristics of such modes on an elliptical disk have been also analyzed [Matsubara, M., 2004]. Furthermore leaky wave in a dielectric ring resonator has been analyzed by the finite element method [Hirayama, K. et al., 2002].
In optical region, 2-D photonic crystal resonant cavities has been analyzed by a finite-element time-domain method [Rodriguez-Esquerre, V. F. et al., 2004] and a ring resonator with sharp U-turns using an SOI-based photonic crystal waveguide has been investigated [Iida, Y., et al., 2003b].
7.6 Miscellaneous
Broadband lossy conductor wall processing has been introduced for calculation of transmission characteristics [Tanaka, M. et al., 2003a and 2003b] and novel measurement method for dielectric properties of high permittivity materials has been developed in microwave region [Wakino, K. et al., 2004, and Kumagai, S. et al., 2004].
(M. Tsuji)
B8. Antennas
8.1 Antenna Theory
Hirokawa [2003b] proposed full double-layer configuration using
rectangular waveguides of
8.2 Antenna Elements
Various types of elements were developed, studied and designed in order to achieve the demands for the practical systems or to improve the antenna characteristics.
Kawai, H. and Ito, K. [2004b] proposed the simple evaluation method of estimating local average specific absorption rate (SAR) for the some wire antennas near phantom, such as a half-wave dipole antenna, monopole antenna mounted on a metal box, and so on. As for the thin microwave antenna, Saito, K. et al. [2004g] confirmed the heating characteristics of the coaxial-slot antenna with two slots from a viewpoint of clinical use, and introduced the results of two clinical trials.
Two-arm spiral antennas which printed on a finite-size dielectric substrate was analyzed numerically by Nakano, H. et al. [2002a]. Since, in reality, the size of the dielectric substrate is finite, it is important scheme that one can obtain the effects of the finite size on the radiation characteristics.
A novel design method was proposed to attain low cross-polarization in dual-polarized patch antennas by Takahashi, T. et al. [2003]. The proposed one is to perturb the feed points to the certain directions, which is very simple and requires no special feeding networks.
Taguchi, M. et al. [2004b] analyzed the resistance-loaded planar monopole antenna located within a rectangular parallelepiped cavity for impulse radar. This antenna is capable to operate over broadband.
Takano, T. and Thumvichit, A. [2004] proposed a dipole antenna in the proximity of PEC plate with high gain and being matched by the offset feeding.
8.3 Arrays and Phased Arrays
In addition to traditional type of arrays, modern arrays such as active antenna arrays, switching arrays and adaptive arrays have been presented and discussed. And, some DOA estimation algorithms are proposed.
Since phased array antenna needs many phase shifters, high cost is significant problem. Then, Sakakibara, K. [2003a] propose feeding circuit of wave guide antenna to produce beam scanning function by using only one phase shifter with four slotted waveguide linear array antennas. High efficiency and low cost planar waveguide arrays have been proposed and developed by using four kinds of single-layer waveguides by Ando, M. [2004]. Among the four, alternating phase fed arrays are recently applied for commercial fixed wireless access(FWA), where the cost and the size of the wireless terminals are drastically reduced to 1/10 and 1/5. Takemura, N. et al.[2002] propose an improved Rotating-element Electric-field Vector (REV) method taking into account amplitude and phase error of phase shifters, in order to achieve more precise calibration for phased array antennas. A gigantic antenna aboard a Space Solar Power System (SSPS) satellite, or a space-tenna is one of the most challenging devices to build. Takano, T. et al. [2004e] describe the requirements for a space-tenna from a SSPS, and system considerations for the configuration of space-tennas.
In the OFDM systems, Hori, S. et al. [2002] propose the MMSE
adaptive array utilizing GI (Guard Interval). The blind adaptive arrays can
allow signal extraction to be performed in many applications where it is
impractical or impossible to provide knowledge on the desired signal. Kikuma,
N. et al. [2003b] improve the Cross-SCORE (Spectral Self-Coherence Restoral)
algorithm, which is one of the blind adaptive algorithms, by using multiple
cyclostationaly properties of the desired signal.
About the DOA estimation algorithm, Zainun et al. [2004] propose the recusive unitary MUSIC to improve the computation efficiency toward real-time DOA estimation. Hirata, A. et al. [2003] propose the DOA estimation algorithm of ultra-wideband EM waves with MUSIC and interferometry. ESPRIT that is well know as the DOA estimation algorithm is also studied by Inagaki, Y. et al.[2004]. They improve the cyclic ESPLIT by using the noise subspace.
8.4 Reflector and Lens Antennas
A large deployable antenna, which is formed in the tensioned truss concept, with 10 m maximum diameter was developed, and successfully launched and deployed in space in 1997 to be used for space VLBI mission. Electrical design of it and the verification method of electrical characteristics were described by Takano, T. et al. [2004].
8.5 Radomes, Periodic Structures and
Gratings
Kuroda, S. et al.[2004a] propose the simple and efficient analysis method based on the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) method in order to evaluate effects of multi-reflection inside a radome. By comparing with the experimental results, they verify the proposed analysis method. Inasawa, Y. et al.[2004] propose a novel method to reduce undesired scattered waves and higher order sidelobes from the connection parts of the large sandwich radomes. The scattering characteristics of the radome seams are simplified by using physical optics technique with some corrections. This method achieves the fast computation that is appropriate for iterative optimization.
Sorwar Hossain, M. G. et al.[2004b] propose a novel technique for grating lobe suppression in transverse slot array by making use of parasitic strip dipoles. This technique does not require a change in the interior design of the waveguide to suppress the grating lobes. Yamamoto, Y. et al.[2004] propose a narrow wall slotted waveguide array antenna using post in order to prevent gain reduction due to the grating lobes.
8.6 Antenna Measurement
Fukasawa, T. et al. [2003a] proposed an accurate measurement method for radiation and impedance characteristics of an antenna on a portable telephone. In order to remove the undesired influence of the coaxial cables, this measurement is characterized by using the fiber optics for feed instead of coaxial cables.
As for the large reflector antenna deployed in space, Takano, T. et al. [2001] was described the measurement methods of the large radio astronomy antenna on Halca satellite.
8.7 Horns and Feeds
It is worthy of note that novel components suitable for the application in millimeter-wave band have been reported. A planar feeding circuit exciting a rotating mode in a parallel-plate waveguide was proposed by Jin, R. et al. [2001]. Cost-effective 60GHz-band transmitter and receiver modules were presented by Nakano, H. et al. [2003a]. A thin and planar 70GHz-band waveguide circuit composed of a microstrip line to waveguide transition and a waveguide E-plane corner without matching elements was reported by Sakakibara, K. [2003b]. Moreover, a feeding structure through an aperture to a post-wall waveguide designed in V-band was proposed by Kai, T. et al. [2004].
8.8 Microstrip Elements and Arrays
A stacked square microstrip antenna with a shorting post was proposed as a car application for a road-vehicle communications system by Fujimoto, T. et al. [2004a]. Although its size is much smaller than that of the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, effective results are obtained for the radiation performances.
Simple satellite-tracking stacked patch array antenna for mobile satellite communications has been presented by Delaune et al. [2004]. By using a simple left-handed circularly polarized four-element stacked patch array antenna, high gain at low elevation angle is capable. The characteristics of this antenna are confirmed by the two numerical methods (the method of moments and the finite element method) and by measurements.
Nishimoto, K. et al [2004a] presented the cross polarization characteristics in the tilted plane for dual-polarized patch antennas. The optimum substrate permittivity in order to achieve low cross-polarization was obtained analytically and validated by the FDTD simulations and the experiments.
(S. Makino)
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Inaba, T., T. Hara, and A. Hirose [2004], "Wideband and compact microwave front-end circuit for adaptive plastic landmine imaging arrays," 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, pp.517-520
Ishida, K., and M. Tateiba [2004a], "An approach to the inverse scattering problem using a series expansion of T-operator," Proc. 200.1 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, pp. 912-914
Ishida, K., and M. Tateiba [2004b], "The inverse scattering based on the reconstruction of extended T-matrix elements unmeasured directly from scattered waves," Proc. 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 603-596
Jia, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2002], "Time-domain inverse scattering method for cross-borehole radar imaging," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol.40, 7, pp.1640-1647
Kimura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2003], "Pi-SAR image analysis using polarimetric scattering parameters and total power," Proc. of IEEE IGARSS 2003, CR-ROM, 21-25
Kimura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2004a], "Unsupervised land classification using H//TP space applied to POLSAR image analysis," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E87-B, no.6, pp.1639-1647
Kimura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2004b], "Circular polarization correlation coefficient for detection of non-natural targets aligned not parallel to SAR flight path in the X-band POLSAR image analysis," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E87-B, no.10, pp.3050-3056
Liu, S., and M. Sato [2002], "Electromagnetic Logging Technique Based on Borehole Radar," IEEE Trans. Geoscience & Remote Sensing, vol.40, no.9, 2083-2092
Minami, M., and A. Hirose [2003], "Phase singular points reduction by a layered complex-valued neural network in combination with constructive Fourier synthesis," Proc. 2003 International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks / International Conference on Neural Information Processing, pp.943-950
Miwa, T., and I. Arai [2004a], "Application of MUSIC algorithm to localization of cylindrical targets using cross borehole radar measurement," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E87-B, no.4, pp.975-983
Miwa, T., and I. Arai [2004b], "Super-resolution imaging for point reflectors near transmitting and receiving array," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol.52, no.1, pp.220-229
Moriyama, T., Y. Yamaguchi, S. Uratsuka, T. Umehara, H. Maeno, M. Satake, A. Nadai, and K. Nakamura [2004], "A study on polarimetric correlation coefficient for feature extraction of polarimetric SAR data," Proc. of ISAP2004, 4C3-2 on CD-ROM
Murase, M., Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2001], "Polarimetric correlation coefficient applied to tree classification," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E84-B, no.12, pp.1835-1840
Nishimoto, M., and K. Shimo [2003], "Detection and Classification of Landmines Using GPR Signatures," Proceedings of the International Symposium on System & Human Science, pp.284-289
Nishimoto, M., X. Liao, and L. Carin [2004a], "Target Identification from Multi-Aspect High Range-Resolution Radar Signatures Using a Hidden Markov Model," IEICE Transactions on Electronics, Vol.E87-C, No.10, pp.1706-1714
Nishimoto, M., K. Shimo, and H. Ikuno [2004b], "Detection of Shallowly Buried Landmines form Ground Penetrating Radar Signals," Proceedings of the 2004 URSI Electromagnetic Theory Symposium, Vol.1, pp.212-214
Nishimoto, M., and K. Shimo [2004c], "A Method for Detecting Shallowly Buried Landmines Using GPR Signatures," Proceedings of the International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2D2-2
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2003], "An estimation method of target location and scattered waveforms for UWB pulse radar systems," Proc. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp.4013-4015
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004a], ''An estimation algorithm of target location and scattered waveforms for UWB pulse radar systems,'' IEICE Trans. on Commun., Vol.E87-B, No.6, pp.1631-1638
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004b], ''A target shape estimation algorithm for pulse radar systems based on boundary scattering transform,'' IEICE Trans. on Commun., Vol.E87-B, No.5, pp.1357-1365
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004c], ''Fast imaging of a target in inhomogeneous media for pulse radar systems,''
Proc. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vol.3, pp.2070-2073
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004d], ''A fast algorithm of 3-dimensional imaging for pulse radar systems,''
Proc. 2004 IEEE AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Vol.2, pp. 2099-2102
Sakamoto, T., and T. Sato [2004e], ''A phase compensation algorithm for high-resolution pulse radar systems,''
Proc. 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, pp.585-588
Sato, K., H. Yamada, and Y. Yamaguchi [2003a], "Advantage of the ESPRIT method in Polarimetric Interferometry for Forest Analysis," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E86-B, no.5, pp.1666-1672
Sato, M. [2003b], "A new Bistatic GPR
system using a passive optical sensor for landmine detection," Proc. of
2nd Int. WS on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar,
Sato, M. [2003c], "Bistatic GPR System
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Vol. II, Columbus, OH.
Sato, M., G. Fang, and Z. Zeng [2003c],
"Landmine detection by a broadband GPR system," Proc.IEEE Int. Symp
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IGARSS2003,
Sato, M., F. Kong, Z. Zeng, and G. Fang
[2003d], "Antenna development and a Stepped-frequency GPR system for
Landmine detection," Proc. of 2nd Int. WS on Advanced Ground Penetrating
Radar,
Sato, M., T. Kobayashi, and X. Feng
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EMTS,
Sato, M., and R. Tanaka [2004b], "A
GPR System using a Passive Optical Electric Field Sensor," Proc. GPR2004,
Savelyev, T., and M. Sato [2004],
"Comparative analysis of UWB deconvolution and feature extraction
algorithms for GPR landmine detection," Defense & Security Symposium,
Singh, D., Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamada, and K. P. Singh [2003], "Retrieval of wheat chlorophyll by an X-band scatterometer," International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.24, no.23, pp.4939-4951
Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2002a], "Adaptive noise reduction of InSAR image based on complex-valued MRF model and its application to phase unwrapping problem," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol.40, 3, pp.699-709
Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2002b], "InSAR image restoration by using stochastic complex-valued neural network," Proc. 2002 International Conference on Knowledge-based Engineering Systems, 643-647
Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2002c], "Interferometric SAR image restoration using Monte-Carlo Metropolis method," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.50, 2, pp.290-298
Suksmono, A. B., and A. Hirose [2003], "Recursive transform-based phase unwrapping," Proc. 2003 International Conference on Image Processing, pp.145-148
Takenaka, T., H. Jia, and T. Tanaka [2001], "Microwave imaging of an anisotropic cylindrical object by a forward-backward time-stepping method," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E84-C, No.12
Takenaka, T., H. Zhou, and T. Tanaka [2002], "Three-dimensional profile inversion of penetrable objects from time-domain data," Proc. of the XXVIIth General Assembly of the Int. Union of Radio Sci.
Takenaka, T., H. Zhou, and T. Tanaka [2003], "Inverse scattering for a three-dimensional object in the time domain," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol.20, 10, pp.1867-1874
Tanaka, T., N. Kuroki, and T. Takenaka [2003], "Filtered forward-backward time-stepping method applied to reconstruction of dielectric cylinders," J. of Electromagn. Waves and Appl., vol.17, 2, pp.253-270
Yamada, H., K. Sato, Y. Yamaguchi, and W. -M. Boerner [2002], "Interferometric phase and coherence of forest estimated by ESPRIT-based polarimetric SAR interferometry," Proc. of IGRASS 2002
Yamada, H., Y. Yamaguchi, and W. -M.
Boerner [2003], "
Yamaguchi, Y., K. Kimura, and H. Yamada [2002a], "ALOS-PALSAR image simulation in various polarization basis," Proc. of IGRASS 2002
Yamaguchi, Y., K. Kimura, H. Yamada, S.
Uratsuka, and W. -M. Boerner [2002b], "L-band polarimetric AIR/PI-SAR
images around
Yamaguchi, Y., T. Moriyama, and H. Yamada [2002c], "Polarimetric detection of buried objects by FM-CW radar," (invited) SI-General Assembly, CD-ROM
Yamaguchi, Y., K. Kimura, T. Moriyama, and H. Yamada [2004], "Correlation coefficient in the circular polarization basis for detection of man-made targets in POLSAR image analysis," Proc. of ISAP2004, 4C3-4 on CD-ROM
Yang, J., Y. N. Peng, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamada, and W. -M. Boerner [2002a], "The periodicity of the scattering matrix and its application," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E85-B, no.2, pp.565-567
Yang, J., Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamada, Z. H. Czyz, W. -M. Boerner, H. Mott, E. Luneburg, and Y. N. Peng [2002b], "The characteristic polarization states and the equi-power curves," IEEE Trans. Geoscience Remote Sensing, vol.40, no.2, pp.305-313
Yang, J., G. Dong, Y. Peng, Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Yamada [2004], "Generalized optimization of polarimetric contrast enhancement," IEEE Geoscience Remote Sensing Letters, vol.1, no.3, pp.171-174
Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2003a], "Three-dimensional reconstruction of shallowly buried mine using time-domain data," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol.39, 4, pp.276-280
Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2003b], "3-D reconstruction of a lossy object using time-domain data transmitted and received with dipole antennas," Proc. of the 2003 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Int. Symp., 30.3
Zhou, H., and M. Sato [2004a], "Subsurface cavity imaging by crosshole borehole radar measurements," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol.42, 2, pp.335-341
Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2004b], "Reconstruction of 3-D objects buried under a rough surface using inverse scattering method," Proc. URSI Int. Symp. on Electromagnetic Theory, pp.102-104
Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2004c], "Reconstruction of 3-D buried objects form electromagnetic data received by inaccurately positioned receivers," Proc. of ISAP’04, pp.605-608
Zhou, H., T. Takenaka, and T. Tanaka [2004d], "Borehole radar processing by FBTS method," Proc. of the 7th SEGJ Int. Symp., pp.310-313
Ikeda and Fujino [2004] proposed a stabilized approximate inverse pre-conditioner employing double dropping procedure; the pre-conditioner is effective in the conjugate-gradient solution of a large-sized linear equation.
Shestopalov et al. [2003] investigated the oscillation in slot-coupled resonators using approximate semi-inversion.
Arima, T. and T. Uno [2002], “Improvement of FDTD calculation accuracy for analyzing linear antennas on dielectric substrate by using quasi-static approximation,” Trans. IEICE, vol. J85-B, 2, pp. 200-206 (in Japanese).
Arima, T., T. Uno, and M. Takahashi [2002], “Improvement of FDTD calculation accuracy for analyzing rectangular patch antenna by using quasi-static approximation,” Trans. IEICE, vol. J85-B, 6, pp. 1001-1004 (in Japanese).
Arima, T., T. Uno, and M. Takahashi, “Highly-accurate FDTD analysis of bend antennas on dielectric substrate,” Trans. IEICE, vol. J86-B, 2, pp. 298-301 (in Japanese).
Ikeda, Y. and S. Fujimoto [2004], “An improvement of stabilized approximate INVerse preconditioner by double dropping, Information Processing Society Jpn. Trans. Computing System, vol. 45, SIG1 (ACS 4), pp. 10-17 (in Japanese).
Kawano, K., N. Miura, R. Takahashi, and M. Kuroda [2003], “An application of the FD-TD method for the analysis of MEMS structures using body fitted grid generation method with moving boundaries,” IEEJ Trans. Fundamentals, vol. 123, 3, pp. 280-284.
Kawano, K., N. Miura, M. Kuroda, and M.M. Tentzeris [2004], “A novel numerical approach for the analysis of MEMS-based variable capacitors with moving metallic plates,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. J87-C, 1, pp.32-38 (in Japanese).
Kida, A., T. Uno, T. Arima, and M. Takahashi [2004], “FDTD analysis of obliquely fed planer antenna,” Trans. IEICE, vol. J87-B, 9, pp. 1524-1527 (in Japanese).
Kuroda, M. and K. Kawano [2002], “FD-TD method to solve the moving boundary problems—comparison between quasi-stationary cases and relativistic cases--,” Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, vol. 58, 1&2, pp. 187-193.
Kuroda, M., N. Miura, and M.M. Tentzeris [2004], “A novel numerical approach for the analysis of 2D MEMS-based variable capacitors including the effect of arbitrary motions,” ACES Journal, vol. 19, 1b, pp. 133-138.
Matsuda, T., D. Zhou, and Y. Okuno [2002], “Numerical analysis of plasmon-resonance absorption in bisinusoidal metal gratings,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 19, 4, 695-701.
Matsuoka, S., K. Ohmi, and H. Kawaguchi [2003], “Study of a microwave simulation dedicated computer, FDTD/FIT data flow machine,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E86-C, 11, pp. 2199-2206.
Mochizuki, S., S. Watanabe, M. Taki, Y. Yamanaka, and H. Shirai [2002], “The size of head phantoms for the standard measurement methods of SAR due to wireless communication devices,” IEICE Trans. Communicat., vol. J85-B, 5, pp. 640-648 (in Japanese).
Mochizuki, S., S. Watanabe, M. Taki, Y. Yamanaka, and H. Shirai [2004], “A new iterative MoM/FDTD formulation for simulating human exposure to electromagnetic waves,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E87-C, 9, pp. 1540-1547.
Nakashima, N.,
Nakashima, N. and M. Tateiba [2003a], “Greengard-Rokhlin’s fast multipole algorithm for numerical calculation of scattering by N conducting circular cylinders,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E86-C, 11, pp. 2158-2166.
Nakashima, N. and M. Tateiba [2003b], “Numerical calculation of scattering from a conducting sphere by using Greengard-Pokhlin’s fast multipole algorithm,” Proc. 2003 IEEE AP-S.
Nakashima, N. and M. Tateiba [2003c], “Numerical calculation of scattering from randomly distributed dielectric circular cylinders by using Greengard-Rokhlin’s fast multipole algorithm, Proc. 2003 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference.
Nakashima, N. and M. Tateiba [2004], “An improved Greengard-Rokhlin’s fast multipole algorithm for the computation of scattering from many conduction cylinders,” Proc. 2004 IEEE AP-S.
Okuno, Y., D. Zhou, K. Yoshimoto, A. Matsushima, and T. Matsuda [2002], “A combination of up- and down-going plane waves used to describe the field inside grooves of a deep grating,” Proc. MMET*02.
Okuno, Y., D. Zhou, A. Matsushima, and T. Matsuda [2004], “Enhancement of TM-TE mode conversion caused by excitation of surface plasmons in a metal grating placed in conical mounting,” Proc. OFSET’2003-2004.
Pongpaibool, P., T. Uno, and H. Sato [2003], “Computational error in FDTD analysis of short dipole antenna and its reduction technique,” Trans. IRICE, vol. J86-B, 9, pp. 1758-1765 (in Japanese).
Shestopalov, Yu., Y. Okuno, and
Uno, T., T. Murakami, and T. Arima [2002], “FDTD analysis of antenna located near human head phantom using surface impedance method,” Trans. IEICE, vol. J85-B, 5, pp. 698-705 (in Japanese).
Uno, T. [2003], “Antenna design using the finite difference time domain method,” Trans. IEICE, vol. J86-B, 9, pp. 1678-1693 (in Japanese).
Yokota, M. [2004a], “Application of multigrid moment method to scattering of a Gaussian beam by a nonlinear dielectric cylinder,” Proc. ISAP’04, 1C5-2, pp. 169-172.
Yokota, M. [2004b], “Application of multigrid method to scattering of a Gaussian beam by a dielectric cylinder,” IEEJ Trans. Fundamentals, vol. 124, 12, pp. 1135- 1140.
Yokota, M. and N. Sugio [2002a], “Multigrid method for lightwave propagation in two-dimensional optical waveguide,” Proc. URSI-GA, B6.0.6.
Yokota, M. and
Zinenko, T.L., A.I. Nosich, Y. Okuno, and A. Matsushima [2002], “E- and H-polarized plane wave scattering and absorption by an impedance strip grating,” Proc. APMC 2002.
Ando, M., [2003], "Radiation Pattern Analysis of Reflector Antennas -Discussions and Hybrid Use of Physical Optics and Aperture Field Integral Method-," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. J86-B, no.9, pp.1694-1705, (Invited, in Japanese).
Ando, M., and L. Rodriguez [2004], "Extraction of GO and diffraction components from Physical Optics in terms of line integrations of equivalent edge currents by Modified Edge Representation," Proc. URSI 2004, pp.32-37.
Budiarto, H., Katsuyuki Haneda, and
Jun-ichi Takada [2004a], "Prediction Model for the Characteristics of
Non-Specular Wave Scattered from Building Surface," 2004 IEEE AP-S
International Symposium, (
Budiarto, H., Katsuyuki Haneda, and
Jun-ichi Takada [2004b], "Prediction Model for the Estimation of
Non-specular Wave Scattering Characteristics on Building Surfaces," 2004
International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP 2004), 3C3-4, (
Goto, J., T. Shijo, and M. Ando [2004], "Method of Moment for Local Correction of Physical Optics," Proc. the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2E2-2, pp.565-568.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2003], "Time-Domain Asymptotic Solutions in the Transition Regions near Geometrical Boundaries and near Caustics for Scattering by a Dielectric Cylinder," Proc. 2003 IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 4, pp. 840-843.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004a], “Novel High-Frequency Uniform Asymptotic Solution for Scattered Field by a Conducting Cylinder,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E87-C, no. 10, pp. 754-767 (in Japanese)
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004b], "Novel Uniform Asymptotic Solutions for Scattered Fields by an Impedance Circular Cylinder," Proc. 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), pp. 561-564.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004c], "Novel Uniform Asymptotic Solutions for High-Frequency Scattered Electromagnetic Fields by a Dielectric Cylinder," Proc. 2004 IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 2003-2006.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004d], " Novel High-Frequency Asymptotic Solutions in the Transition Regions near Geometrical Boundaries and near Caustics for Scattering by a Dielectric Cylinder," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E87-C, pp. 1550-1559, no. 9.
Ida, T., and T. Ishihara [2004e], "Frequency-Domain Uniform Asymptotic Solutions for Scattering by a Dielectric Cylinder in the Transition Region near Geometrical Boundaries," Proc. 8th 2003-2004 China-Japan Joint Meeting on Optical Fiber Science and Electromagnetic Theory, pp.294-297.
Kawano, T., T. Ishihara, and E. Murohara [2003], “Asymptotic Analyses of Diffracted Field by an Aperture in a Conducting Screen,” IEICE Trans., on Electronics, vol. J86-C, no. 9, pp. 977-987 (in Japanese)
Kawano, T., and T. Ishihara [2004], “Applicability of GTD in high- frequency asymptotic analysis of electromagnetic scattered field by a conducting strip,” IEEJ Trans. FM, vol. 124, no. 12, pp. 1177-1184.
Kosugi, M., T. Shijo, and M. Ando [2004], "Modified Edge Representation Computer Code for Diffraction Analysis of Slot Antennas with Finite Ground Plane," Proc. the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2E2-3, pp.569-572.
Shijo, T., and M. Ando [2003a], "Novel Interpretation of Physical Optics Errors, Fictitious Penetrating Rays and Corrections by Hybrid Use of PO and AFIM," Proc. 2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology, Session 26, p.05.
Shijo, T., and M. Ando [2003b],
“Elimination of Fictitious Penetrating Rays from
Shijo, T., T. Itoh, and M. Ando [2004a], "Visualization of Physical Optics for Interpretation of High Frequency Phenomena," Proc. 2004 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Session 1.4, pp.30-32.
Shijo, T., T. Itoh, and M. Ando [2004b], "Visualization of High Frequency Diffraction Based on Physical Optics," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E87-C, no.9, pp.1607-1614.
Takada, J., and H. Budiarto [2001],
"The Effect of Building Surface Roughness in Mobile Communication,"
2001 Inernational Symposium on Communication and Information Technology, pp.
674-677, (
Takada, J., J. Fu, H. Zhu and T. Kobayashi [2002], “Spatio-Temporal Channel Characterization in a Suburban Non Line-of-Sight Microcellular Environment,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 532-578.
Yoshida, N. [2003], “Analysis of near field around changing charges with discharge process by the spatial networks for vector and scalar potentials,” Record of the 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (CD), WE-P-12
Yoshida, N. [2004], “Adaptation of condensed node spatial network for vector and scalar potentials to analysis of near field caused by changing charges with discharge process,” Trans. Institute of Electrical Engineering Japan on FM, Vol.124, No.3, pp.243-248
Shimoda, M., R. Iwaki, M. Miyoshi, and O. A. Tretyakov [2002], “Wiener-Hopf analysis of transient phenomenon caused by time-varying resistive screen in waveguide,” IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. E85-C, No.10, pp.1800-1807
Shimoda, M., R. Iwaki, M. Miyoshi, and O. A. Tretyakov [2003], “Transient phenomenon of electromagnetic waves by time-dependent resistive screen in waveguide,” IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. E86-C, No.11, pp.2176-2183
Nishimoto, M. and H. Ikuno [2001], “Time-frequency processing of scattering responses from a dielectric sphere,” IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. E84-C, pp.2156-1259
Nishimoto, M. and H. Ikuno [2004], “Time-frequency analysis of electromagnetic pulse responses from a one-dimensional plasma medium,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol.18, No.2, pp.181-196
Asai M., J. Yamakita, K. Matsumoto and H. Wakabayashi, [2004], "On electromagnetic chirality of helix-loaded materials", Material Integration, Vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 27-33.
Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2002], "Numerical analysis of scattering cross section of two layers of random medium containing dielectric particles for application to the detection of water content in moist soil", Proc. 2002 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, pp. 1545-1548.
Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2003a], "Calculation of scattered power from random medium layers by using radiative transfer theory for the estimation of moisture in soil by microwaves", 2003 IEEE AP-S Int. Sympo. & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting,
Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2003b], "Analysis of wave scattering from three-layers of random medium using a radiative transfer equation", IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol. 123, pp.1193-1198. (in Japanese).
Matsuoka T. and M. Tateiba, [2004], "Frequency Characteristics of Scattered Power from Two Layers of Random Medium for Application to Detection of Moisture in Soil",
Proc. 2004 Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference pp.320-323.
Meng Zhi Qi and M. Tateiba, [2004a], "Scattering enhancement phenomenon and random medium intensity", Proc. 2004 URSI Int. Sympo. on Electromagnetic Theory, Vol. 2, pp. 1068—1070.
Meng Zhi Qi and M. Tateiba, [2004b], "Scattering Enhancement Phenomena in Wave Propagation in Random Media with Different Scale Sizes", The 4th International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology pp. 948-951.
Murakami T, and J. Nakayama, [2002], "Enhanced backscattering from a disorder
object: probability distribution of backscattering intensity", Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering & Design Kyoto Institute of Technology, Series of Science & Technology, vol.51, pp.45-54.
Nanbu Y., M. Tateiba, and T. Matsuoka, [2002a], "The effective properties of a medium containing randomly distributed chiral spheres embedded in a homogeneous background medium", Telecommunications and Radio Engineering Vol. 58, No. 1 & 2, pp. 128—135.
Nanbu Y., T. Matsuoka, D. Ochi, and M.
Tateiba ,[2002b], " Numerical Analysis of the Effective Constitutive
Parameters of a Dense Random Medium Containing Chiral Spheres", Proc. 27th General Assembly of the
International
Nanbu Y., T. Matsuoka and M. Tateiba, [2002c], "The effective constitute parameters of a random medium containing small chiral spheres", IEEJ Trans. FM, Vol. 122, no. 12, pp. 259-264, (in Japanese).
Nanbu Y., T. Matsuoka and M. Tateiba,
[2004a], "Effective Constitutive Parameters of a Random Medium Containing
Small Chiral Spheres", Electrical Engineering in
Y. Nanbu, T. Matsuoka, and M. Tateiba, [2004b], "Numerical Analysis of the Effective Constitutive Parameters of a Random Medium Containing Small Chiral Spheres", Wave Propagation, Scattering and Emission in Complex Media (Editor: Y-Q Jin).
Nakayama J, and H. Tsuji, [2002], "Wave scattering and diffraction from a finite
periodic surface: diffraction order and diffraction beam", IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol.E85-C, no.10, pp.1808-13.
Nakayama J, and Y. Kitada, [2003], "Wave scattering from a finite periodic surface: spectral formalism for TE wave", IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol.E86-C, no.6, pp.1098-105.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2002], "Backscattering enhancement for partially convex targets of large sizes in continuous random media for E-wave incidence", Waves in Random Media Vol. 12, No. 3, pp.387-397.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2003a], "Effect of H-polarization on backscattering enhancement for partially convex targets of large sizes in continuous random media",
Waves in Random Media Vol.13, No.2, pp. 125—136.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2003b], "Radar Cross-section of Partially Convex Targets of Large Sizes in Continuous Random Media for H-polarization Wave", Proc. 2003 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. Vol. 1, pp. 253-256.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2003c], "An indirect estimate of RCS of conducting target in random medium", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 173- 176.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2004a], "Backscattering enhancement of partially convex targets of large sizes in continuous random media for e-polarization wave", Proc. 2004 URSI Int. Sympo. on Electromagnetic Theory Vol. 2, pp. 1071--1073.
Ocla Hosam and M. Tateiba, [2004b], "Numerical Analysis of Radar Cross-section of Partially Convex Targets with Large Sizes in Random Media", Proc. 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation pp. 813-816.
Ochi D., T. Matsuoka, Y. Nanbu, M. Tateiba, [2004], "An analysis of the effective propagation constants for a composite media containing sparsely and randomly distributed pairs of dielectric or chiral spheres", Proc. 2004 URSI Int. Sympo. on Electromagnetic Theory Vol. 2, pp. 1083--1085.
Tamura Y, and J. Nakayama, [2003], "A formula on the Hermite expansion and its application to a random boundary value problem", IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol.E86-C, no.8, pp.1743-1748.
Tamura Y, and J. Nakayama, [2004], "Wave reflection and transmission from a thin film with one-dimensional disorder", Waves in Random Media, vol.14, no.3, pp.435-65.
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(in Japanese)
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Sugawara, A., T. Takano, E. Hanayama, and Y. Kami [2003a], "Investigation on an electrical patching method of a gap between apertures by loading parasitic elements," Trans. of Institute of Electrocnics, Information and Communication Engineers vol.J86-B, No.3, pp.519-526, 2003 (in Japanese).
Sugawara, A., Y. Kami, T. Takano, and
Sugawara, A., and T. Takano [2003c], "Analysis of the radiation characteristics of an ultra-large array antenna consisting of the element apertures for space use" IEEE AP-S Symp, 2003.
Suksmono, A.B., Hirose, A., [2003], "Adaptive beamforming by using complex-valued multi layer perceptron," Proc. 2003 International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks / International Conference on Neural Information Processing, pp.959-966
Suksmono, A.B., Hirose, A., [2004], "Intelligent beamforming by using a complex-valued neural network," Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, vol.15, 3-4, pp.139-147
Taguchi, M., T. Fujimoto, and K. Tanaka [2002a], “Comparison of numerical solutions of hollow cylindrical dipole atnennas,” Proc. of 18th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, pp.595-600
Taguchi, M., R. Nakamura, H. Shimoda, and K. Tanaka [2002b], “Rectangular microstrip antenna excited by monopole antenna mounted on finite dielectric substrate,” Proc. of 2002 Interim International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2A2-2
Taguchi, M., J. Araki, and K.Tanaka [2002c], “Small-sized Receiving Active Slot Antenna on Rectangular Conductor,” IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.J85-B, No.9, pp. 1572-1574
Taguchi, M., Y. Yanagisako, and K. Tanaka [2003], “Active inverted-F antenna on side of small conducting plate,” Proc. of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, vol. 1, 27.11
Taguchi, M., T. Okajima, H. Shimoda, and K. Tanaka [2004a], “Shorted rectangular microstrip antenna on dielectric chip for 5.2 GHz wireless LAN,” Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 4, pp.3812-3815
Taguchi, M., T. Ohashi, and K. Tanaka [2004b], “Planar dipole antenna within a rectangular parallelepiped cavity for UWB system,” Proceedings of International symposium on antennas and propagation, No. 1B2-2, pp. 73-76
Takahashi, T., Y. Konishi, H. Nakaguro and I. Iwase [2002], “A low-cross-polarization design method for dual-polarized patch antennas,” JINA2002-International Symposium on Antennas Vol.1，pp.431-434
Takahashi, T., and I. Chiba [2002], “Perturbational analysis of microstrip antennas with meshed ground planes,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol.E85-B, No.9, pp. 1787-1796
Takahashi, T., I. Iwase, H. Nakaguro, H. Miyashita, and Y. Konishi [2003], “A novel design method on low cross-polarization for dual-polarized patch antennas,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications , vol.J86-B, No.9, pp. 1833-1840 (in Japanese)
Takahashi, T., I. Iwase, H. Nakaguro, H. Miyashita, and Y. Konishi [2003], “A novel design method on low cross-polarization for dual-polarized patch antennas,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol. J86-B，9，pp.1833-1840
Takahashi, T., Y. Konishi, T. Noguchi, N. Futagawa, and K. Kimura [2004], “Payload configuration study for Quasi Zenith satellite system,” 22nd AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference & Exhibit 2004，AIAA2004-3234
Takano, T, S. Kuroda, H. Kobayashi, N. Kawaguch, and E. Hanayama [2001], "Measurement of a large deployable antenna for radio astronomy in space" IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp.622-625 July 2001.
Takano, T [2001b], "Development schemes of wireless power transportation in recent Japan" WPT01, Reunion Island, Saint Pierre 14-17 May, 2001.
Takano, T, M.Natori, K.Miyoshi, and T.Inoue [2002a], "Characteristics verification of a deployable onboard antenna of 10 m maximum diameter" Acta Astronautica, vol.51, NO.11, PP.771-778, 2002.
Takano, T [2002b], "Lightwave antennas for inter-satellite communications" IMS-2002 workshop, June 2002.
Takano, T, [2003], "Needs for gigantic antennas for space use and their technical problems" ICATT03, pp.63-67,September,2003.
Takano, T, A. Sugawara, and S. Sasaki [2003c], "System considerations of
onboard antennas for SSPS" JUSPS’03, pp.110-117,
Takano, T, K. Miura, M. Natori, E. Hanayama, T. Inoue, T. Noguchi, N. Miyahara, and H. Nakaguro [2004a], "Deployable antenna with 10-m maximum diameter for space use" IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.52, No.1, pp.2-11, 2004.
Takano, T, N. Kamo, and A. Sugawara [2004b], "Simplification of microwave transmission antenna on board by reducing the fed elements" SPS’04, July, 2004(poster).
Takano, T [2004c], "Research on the
space-tenna configuration in consideration of SPS systems" AP-RASC’04,
Takano, T, and A. Thumvichit [2004d], "Ultra-low-profile dipole antenna in a quadruple mode" IEEE AP-S and URSI, p.169, June, 2004.
Takano, T, A. Sugawara, and S. Sasaki [2004e], "System considerations of onboard antennas for SSPS" The Radio Science Bulletin No311, pp.16-20, December, 2004.
Takemura N., M. Ohtsuka, I. Chiba, and S. Satou [2002], “An improved rotating-element electric-field vector method using amplitude and phase of composite field for phased array antennas,” IEICE Trans. Commun.，Vol.J85-B，No.9，pp.1558-1565 (in Japanese)
Takemura N., M. Ohtsuka, H. Miyashita, and S. Makino [2003], “Deterministic subarray feed line adjustment method for array antennas,” 2003 IEEE AP-S Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology and NSF Wireless Grantees Workshop, Session9-2
Takemura N., H.Miyashita, Udagawa S., I.Chiba, and S. Makino [2004], “Side-lobe reduction of antenna arrays by deterministic subarray feed line adjustment Method,” 2004 IEEE AP-S International Symposium Digest, Session 96-10
Tanaka, T,. J. T. Sri Sumantyo., K. Ito, H. Yoshimura, D. Delaume, D. Ishide, K. Ishige, A. Miura, and S. Yamamoto[2004], "Simple satellite tracking patch array antenna for ETS-VIII applications and outdoor experiments using a pseudo satellite+A19, "Proceedings of the 2004 ISAP, vol. 1 pp.369-372
Thumvichit, A., Y. Kamata, T. Takano [2004], "Offset-feed impedance matching of a half-wavelength dipole in proximity to a PEC plane" ISAP04, POS-A-26, pp.961-964, August, 2004.
Tsunemitsu, Y., S. Park, J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, Y. Miura, Y. Kazama, and N. Goto [2004a], "Reflection characteristics of center-feed single-layer waveguide arrays,," Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 1D2-3, pp.193-196
Tsunemitsu, Y., Y. Miura, Y. Kazama, S. Park, J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, and N. Goto [2004b], "Polarization isolation between two center-feed single-layer waveguide arrays arranged side-by-side,," IEEE AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Session:86, Vol.3, pp.2380-2383
Uo, T., T.Toda, and T.Takano [2001], "Optimal design of an
optical antenna with modified reflectors fed by a parallel beam" Radio
Science Conference (AP-RASC’01), D4-2-05,
Uo, T., T.Toda, and T.Takano [2002], "Proposal of a shaped optical antenna realized as a lower order aspheric surface approximation" Trans. of Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, vol.J85-B, No.12, pp.2342-2353, 2002 (in Japanese).
Uno, T., A. Hashizuem, and J. Hirose [2002], "Relationship between radiation efficiency and antenna position for nearby human head," Trans. IEICE, vol.1, J85-B, No.5 pp.729-731 (in Japanese)
Yamamoto, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002], "A beam switching slot array with a 4-way buttler matrix installed in a single layer post-wall waveguide,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.1, pp. 138-141
Yamamoto, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003a], "A beam switching slot array with a 4-way butler matrix installed in a single layer post-wall waveguide,," IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol. E86-B, No. 5, pp.1653-1659
Yamamoto, S., N. Hikono, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003b], "A 120-degree beamwidth post-wall waveguide slot array with a three-way power divider on a single-layer dielectric substrate,," 2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology, Session 23 p.04
Yamamoto, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004a], "Power dividing characteristics of a short-slot directional coupler in a single-layer dielectric substrate with air region near the waveguide side walls,," Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 4B2-1, pp.1209-1212
Yamamoto, S., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004b], "Length reduction of a short-slot directional coupler in a single-layer dielectric substrate waveguide by removing dielectric near the side walls of the coupler,," IEEE AP-S International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Session:86, Vol.3, pp.2353-2356
Yamamoto, T., M. Takahashi, M. Ando, Y. Yasaka, and N. Ishii [2002], "Plasma production using rotating mode radial line slot antennas with densely arrayed slots fed by a cavity resonator,," IEEE AP-S/URSI, Vol.4, pp. 276-279
Yamamoto, Y., K. Sakakibara,
Yokoo, K., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2002], "A millimeter wave RF module with a gain enhanced microstrip patch antenna by the dielectric cover,," APMC, WEOF-30, Vol. 1, pp. 431-434
Yoshikawa, Y., H. Miyashita, I. Chiba, and S.Makino [2003], “Integral degree reduction of impedance matrix elements in polarization current moment method,” The IEICE Transactions on Communications , vol.J86-B, No.9, pp. 1721-1730 (in Japanese)
Zainun, A. R.,
Zhang, M., T. Hirano, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2003], "Method of moment analysis of a waveguide round-ended wide slot by using numerical-eigenmode basis functions,," 2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology, Session 23, p.07
Zhang, M., T. Hirano, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004a], "Analysis of a waveguide round-ended wide straight slot by the method of moments using numerical-eigenmode basis functions,," Proceedings of 2004 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Session 3.2, pp.664-666
Zhang, M., J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004b], "A three-way power divider for partially parallel feed in an alternating phase-fed single-layer slotted waveguide array,," Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 4B2-2, pp.1213-1216
Zhang, M., T, Hirano, J. Hirokawa, and M. Ando [2004c], "Analysis of a waveguide with a round-ended wide straight slot by the method of moments using numerical-eigenmode basis functions,," IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol.E87-B, No.8, pp.2319-2326