(H. Ikuno)
A boundary matching technique has been applied to reconstruct the layered refractive index profile of a circularly symmetric object illuminated by a plane wave [Ishida et al., 1994].
An iterative reconstruction algorithm based on the modified Newton Kantorovich method for two-dimensional refractive index of an inhomogeneous cylindrical scatterer has been proposed [Harada et al., 1992]. Harada et al. [1993] have shown the robustness of the method for the noisy data. The conjugate gradient method has been applied to the inverse scattering problem for the same model [Harada et al., 1995].
Yoshitomi et al. [1993] have applied an artificial neural network technique to the determination of the rms height and the correlation distance of one-dimensional rough surfaces illuminated by a beam wave. The intensity correlations of the scattered wave at two wavelengths in the specular and backward directions are used to reconstruct the roughness parameters.
A two-dimensional quasi-exact active imaging method for detecting conductive objects buried in the ground has been proposed [He et al., 1993a]. In this method the secondary current on the target surface are synthesized by summing up the measured data. In the sense that the electromagnetic wave propagation is exactly considered, but the current on the target is approximated by the extended physical optics current method, this imaging method is quasi-exact. However, the effectiveness of the method has been shown theoretically and experimentally.
Wakatabe et al. [1993] have proposed an image reconstruction method of discrete point targets in an inhomogeneous medium which is based on a model fitting with nonlinear least-squares. It has been shown that a much sharper image than that obtained by the conventional aperture synthesis technique, is obtained. Regarding the geophysical prospection using a ground penetrating radar, Sato et al. [1994] have developed an automatic data processing algorithm which is taken into account of the antenna characteristics.
(T. Uno)
The finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods were discussed so as to reduce computational times [Araki et al., 1994; Hyodo et al., 1995; Kodama et al., 1993, 1994] and studied in real application problems [Iwabuchi et al., 1995; Maeshima et al., 1993; Qian et al., 1994a]. The related technique, transmission line matrix technique, was examined to calculate a near field solution in an open ended waveguide [Fujino and Tong, 1994]. A new FDTD code based on the spatial network method to describe three-dimensional vector potential fields was developed by Yoshida [1993].
The propagating beam method or beam propagation method (BPM) by Feit and Fleck was found very useful in a wide range of applications. The method was extended to the highly efficient technique which was able to treat off-axis propagating beams arising in the configuration of real waveguide devices [Arai et al., 1993; Hotta et al., 1993; Maruta et al., 1994; Takakuwa et al., 1994a, 1994b].
The moment method for integral equations involved in antennas problems was reviewed in the literature [Nakano, 1993]. Integral equations of various types for linear antennas were discussed from computational standpoints.
Computation of high-frequency fields is a long-lasting subject in the electromagnetics community. Numerical scheme based on the Yasuura's theory was tested to calculate the surface current induced on three-dimensional scatterers [Ikuno et al., 1993a]. Equivalent edge-currents introduced in physical optics made it possible to greatly simplify the theory of diffraction and provide a useful description for practical use [Sunahara et al., 1993].
(M. Hashimoto)
A unique concept of modified edge representation, which generalizes the flat plate diffraction coefficients valid only for diffraction points to those for general edge points, was applied for the integral reduction of fringe waves (FW) [Murasaki et al., 1993]. This is the complementary work of the same authors for PO components; PO-EECs with classical PO diffraction coefficients, as applied to MER, perfectly recover PO surface integration. The contribution of FW-EECs to total EECs in this approach was weighted by the function of the angle between the modified edge and the real edge. The key feature of this approach is that uniform fields are predicted everywhere though only classical diffraction coefficients are used in first-order diffraction: the secondary diffraction is included as well: the ray-tracing is greatly simplified by introducing other fictitious edges for MER. Numerical results for diffraction from flat plates demonstrated the potential of these EECs.
The Keller diffraction coefficient is singular at the shadow and reflection boundaries (SB & RB). Nevertheless, it was shown that the diffracted fields calculated by Keller's diffraction coefficients remain finite at SB and RB of a polygonal cylinder and a slit [Iwashige et al., 1994]. This is the extension of Sikta's work for the flat plate.
The problem of plane wave diffraction by a perfectly conducting strip was reexamined for both E and H polarization based on the Wiener-Hopf technique [Koshikawa et al., 1993]. The starting point of the analysis was in the formal exact solution obtained by the same authors in the previous papers, which was expressed in terms of an integral equation in the complex domain. A new approach for solving the integral equation asymptotically was presented, and the high-frequency asymptotic solution including all the higher order terms was obtained for the width of the strip large compared with the wavelength. Numerical examples of the monostatic and bistatic radar cross sections (RCS) as well as the total scattering cross section were shown and the scattering characteristics of the strip were discussed in detail. Some comparisons with the exact solution based on separation of variables in elliptic coordinates were also given and the accuracy of the present approach was demonstrated.
Mechanism extraction of pulsed wave scattering from dielectric cylinders were developed in these years. By analyzing and discriminating the response for the pulse, the scattering phenomena can be resolved. An extended ray theory (ERT), which was an complex version of the ray theory, was proposed as a method to systematically analyze the scattering process of the electromagnetic wave by a smooth two-dimensional object [Ikuno et al., 1993b]. It can explain not only the real rays, but also the complex rays which are significant in the shadow of caustics. The authors extended ERT for 3-D scattering problem as well and show that the ERT can evaluate the scattered field even in shadowed side of caustic [Ikuno et al., 1995]. A typical numerical example showed that the complex ray contribution to the scattered field was significant for the indented objects. High frequency properties of scattering wave due to an infinite dielectric thick cylinder for a normally incident plane wave was discussed and mechanism extraction was conducted [Sasamori et al., 1995a]. The solutions divide into the rays passing outside of the cylinder and going through the cylinder. The result was valid in almost all the region including the transition region adjacent to the shadow boundaries where the pure ray optical solution fails. Excellent agreement with exact eigenfunction solutions was demonstrated except for the close neighborhood of the critical scattering angle, which was solved later by special treatment [Sasamori et al., 1995b]. The solution can be interpreted as the sum of a specular reflection and a lateral wave. The validity of this solution was confirmed numerically.
(M. Ando)
Luebbers et al. [1993a] have applied the FDTD method to the analysis of transient propagation through a highly conductive nonlinear magnetic sheet. The effects of the high conductivity and magnetic material nonlinearity on the stability of the FDTD calculation has been investigated in detail. Luebbers et al. [1993b] have also investigated the transient propagation in dispersive media, and have compared with the fields calculated by the asymptotic method.
Kashiwa et al. [1993] have visualized the transient electromagnetic field radiated from a two-element Yagi-Uda antenna by using the FDTD method.
Ohnuki et al. [1993] have analyzed the transient scattering of a half sine pulse wave by a conducting rectangular cylinder with an open side-wall by using a point matching method combined with the fast inversion of Laplace transform (FILT) algorithm.
Asymptotic techniques have been applied to the transient scattering analysis. Ohmori et al. [1993] have investigated the transient scattering of a plane wave from smooth dielectric cylindrical objects whose relative refractive index is less than 1, by using the extended ray theory. Nishimoto and Ikuno [1994] have proposed a simple numerical method for calculating paths of creeping ray around an arbitrary convex object without solving a differential equation of geodesic path.
Itoh and Hosono [1995] have analyzed the forward and backward scattering responses of the plane wave due to a dielectric sphere by numerically transforming the Mie series solution using the FILT. The FILT has been applied to the analysis of transient propagation of the plane wave in a lossless cold plasma [Kuroiwa and Hosono, 1995].
(T. Uno)
Transmission and radiation characteristics of a transmission line with an acute bend or a multi-branching point were investigated theoretically and experimentally [Nakamura et al., 1993a, 1993b, 1995].
A generalized transverse resonance technique combined with the mode-matching method was developed for solving the eigen value problems of various types of waveguides and transmission lines [Ma et al., 1993a]. The effects of the metallization cross section on a variety of planar transmission lines were investigated by a number of authors [Ma et al., 1993b; Hasegawa et al., 1994; Alam et al., 1994; Zhang et al., 1994; Zhu et al., 1995]. Space wave leakage from higher order modes on various planar transmission line structures was investigated [Ma et al., 1994a]. An efficient modal analysis of microstrip-loaded inset dielectric guides was presented [Ma et al., 1995a]. Characteristics of single and coupled microstrip lines covered with protective dielectric film were reported [Atsuki et al., 1995]. The rectangular boundary division method was used to characterize microstrip lines near the edge of the dielectric substrate [Li et al., 1993].
The propagation and crosstalk properties of picosecond electrical pulse along coupled microstrip lines were investigated by using the spectral domain approach and a FFT algorithm [Qian et al., 1993a, 1993b]. An eigenfunction-weighted boundary integral equation method was proposed for analyzing strip transmission line on circular dielectric rod, and suspended planar transmission lines [Zhu et al., 1992, 1993]. Theoretical and experimental investigation of a scheme for microwave generation using laser heterodyne technique with independent controllability in frequency and phase was reported [Kishi et al., 1995a]. The point-matching method combined with the staircase-approximation was used to accomplish modal analysis of multiple-core optical fibers with symmetrically-distributed nonuniform cores [Kishi et al., 1995b].
The extended spectral domain approach was used to calculate the losses of single and coupled strip lines of arbitrary thickness, and to evaluate the phase constants, characteristic impedances, and conductor losses in planar transmission lines with layered anisotropic media [Kitazawa, 1993b, 1995]. A quasi-static variational method was used to implement simplified analysis of coplanar waveguides for LiNbO3 optical modulator use [Kitazawa et at., 1993].
Characterization and application of lumped double crosstie slow-wave transmission lines were studied numerically and experimentally [Kamitsuna et al., 1993]. Small-sized MMIC amplifiers and multilayer MMIC directional couplers using thin dielectric layers were developed [Banba et al., 1995a, 1995b]. A Ku-band transversal filter with a center frequency of 12 GHz and a bandwidth of 6 GHz using directional couplers made of a multilayer ceramic was proposed and developed [Hiratsuka et al., 1995].
A modified mode-matching method was proposed for the analysis of microstrip lines having thick strip conductor [Nakai et al., 1993]. The nature of spectral gap between bound and leaky solutions in printed-circuit lines was explained [Shigesawa et al., 1993]. The feature of the narrow-pulse transmission on conventional coplanar waveguides was studied in the presence of power leakage, and the narrow pulse distortion phenomenon was demonstrated in the case of packaged printed-circuit lines [Tsuji et al., 1993, 1994].
Curved microstrip bends were analyzed by using a non-uniform transmission line model [Akiyama et al., 1995]. Several types of hybrid circuits were investigated [Ohta and Kawai, 1993; Kawai and Ohta, 1994; Kawai et al., 1994]. Pulse dispersion distortion along exponential and Tchebycheff microstrip tapers was investigated and normalized longitudinal current distributions on microstrip lines with finite strip thickness was analyzed [Kobayashi and Nemoto, 1994; Kobayashi and Takaishi, 1994]. Electromagnetic field and transmission characteristics of a parallel two-wire line covered with a three-layer media were studied [Kuboyama, et al., 1994, 1995].
New compact bandpass filters using coplanar waveguide resonators were developed and a method for suppressing spurious response was proposed [Noguchi and Ishii, 1993]. Study on magnetostatic surface wave excitation by microstrip was reported [Omori et al., 1994]. Hairpin-shaped stripline split-ring resonators and their applications were addressed [Yabuki et al., 1992]. Bandpass filters using microstrip linear tapered transmission line resonator were studied [Sagawa et al., 1993]. Transmission characteristics of CPW bends with various curvatures were analyzed [Sawasa et al., 1994]. An inverted slot line was proposed for millimeter-wave traveling wave optical modulator, and was characterized by using the spectral domain approach [Yoneyama et al., 1993].
(E. Yamashita and Z. Ma)
A family of algebraically decaying modes was analytically shown existing in graded-index dielectric planar waveguides [Hayata and Koshiba, 1995a]. The propagation characteristics of dielectric waveguides with slanted grating structure were analyzed by using the combination of the improved Fourier series expansion method and the approximated multilayer method [Tanaka et al., 1994a]. Leaky wave radiation from a periodically photoexcited semiconductor slab waveguide was studied [Alphones and Tsutsumi, 1995]. The electromagnetic waves in an overmoded finite length slow wave structure were analyzed [Amin et al., 1995].
An efficient mode-matching analysis approach for inset dielectric guide (IDG) structures and its variations was proposed [Ma et al., 1995b]. The full-wave analysis of a groove-guide leaky-wave structure with an asymmetrically located metal strip was first accomplished by proposing a new method [Ma and Yamashita, 1992], and the guidance and leakage characteristics of this leaky-wave structure were investigated in detail [Ma et al., 1994b]. Wave leakage phenomenon from grooved NRD structures was demonstrated, and its application to leaky wave antennas was discussed [Ma and Yamashita, 1993, 1994c].
The recent achievements in the field of the NRD-guide integrated circuits and antennas were reviewed [Yonayama, 1992]. A novel and unique application of the leaky NRD guide as feeding systems for microwave planar antennas was proposed [Maamria et al., 1993]. Analysis and experiment of a new leaky NRD guide based on a grating structure were described [Maamria et al., 1994]. A leaky NRD guide with broadside radiation was reported [Wagatsuma and Yoneyama, 1994]. The scattering properties of discontinuities in NRD guides were investigated [Xu et al., 1994].
Obliquely propagating waves along dielectric grating waveguide with square corrugation were studied [Matsumoto et al., 1993]. Analysis of ferrite slab waveguides with resistive strip gratings was reported [Ozaki et al., 1992]. Coupling efficiency of two anisotropic single-mode slab waveguides butt-jointed by way of a gap was analyzed [Sawa and Masuchi, 1993]. Scattering from a circular dielectric post embedded in a grounded dielectric sheet waveguide was investigated [Sawado et al., 1995]. New guided-mode extracted integral equations were formulated for the design of dielectric waveguide bend circuits [Tanaka, 1993]. Coupling characteristics of non-parallel dielectric waveguides were studied [Tomabechi and Matsumura, 1994]. The FDTD method was used to implement analysis of dielectric waveguide discontinuities [Taira and Morita, 1995].
(E. Yamashita and Z. Ma)
Simple and closed form expressions for plane-wave reflection coefficients of a dielectric slab loaded with a periodic array of strips over a ground plane have been presented for use in antenna applications [Chen et al., 1995]. Matsumoto and Tanaka [1995] have employed the coupled-mode theory for the analysis of both static and dynamic properties of the quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation by backward propagating interaction. The singular integral equation technique combined with the moment method has been applied to the excitation problem of guided modes of a slab waveguide with a finite periodic array of strips [Matsushima and Itakura, 1993a] and to the scattering problems of an infinite strip grating loaded with a pair of dielectric slabs [Matsushima et al., 1993] and of a double strip grating loaded with a pair of dielectric slabs [Matsushima and Itakura, 1993b]. Ohkawa et al. [1995] have presented a unified numerical approach based on the finite element method for solving the scattering problem of an anisotropic dielectric grating of arbitrary shape. The scattering problem of an infinite grating with several strips arbitrarily oriented in one period has been analyzed by means of the Wiener-Hopf technique [Shimoda and Itakura, 1993b]. The improved Fourier series expansion method has been used for investigating the scattering characteristics of a dielectric grating with planar slanted fringes [Yamasaki and Tanaka, 1993] and the blazing effects of a dielectric grating with periodically modulated two layers [Yamasaki, 1995].
(M. Koshiba)
An accurate and simple approach based on the scalar FEM has been presented for the analysis of dual-mode highly elliptical-core fibers [Eguchi and Koshiba, 1994], and the vector FEM has also been used for investing the behavior of a set of the first higher-order, four-fold degenerate modes of a circular core fiber whose core cross-section changes into an ellipse [Eguchi and Koshiba, 1995]. Kameda and Hosono [1995] have presented an optimization method for a polarization splitter constructed from a single core fiber and a fiber with a circular hollow pit outside the core. Hinata et al. [1994] have presented a design method for the single-polarization optical fiber which satisfies simultaneously the wide single-polarization bandwidth, large modal birefringence, and zero total dispersion at the wavelength of 1.55 mm. The improved point-matching method with the Mathieu function expansion for the analysis of a W-type highly-birefringent optical fiber with a hollow layer outside an elliptical core has been proposed [Krasinski et al., 1995]. Coupling efficiency between butt-jointed single-mode optical fibers through a gap has been evaluated with a newly modified BPM [Hotta et al., 1994a]. Yamauchi et al. [1994a] have calculated the pure bending loss of an optical fiber with a trench section by using the alternating-direction implicit finite difference method (FDM) and have discussed the mechanism of the oscillatory behavior of the loss.
Tapered velocity couplers have been utilized to construct an optical beam splitter [Geshiro and Hotta, 1994] and an optical polarization splitter [Hotta and Geshiro, 1994]. In order to reduce the size of an optical power divider of distributed-coupling type, uniformly distributed coupling, which is caused by step-like axial displacements of waveguides, has been introduced [Hotta et al., 1992]. A 1x3 coupled-waveguide optical power divider with linearly changing spacing has been analyzed with the implicit FDM, and the effect of the tilt-angle error on the power transmission has been investigated [Yamauchi et al., 1992]. The finite difference BPM (FD-BPM) has been used to analyze the insertion losses of hollow slab waveguides [Yamauchi, 1993] and of S-shaped dielectric slab bends [Yamauchi et al., 1994b]. Yasumoto et al. [1994b] have presented a coupled-mode analysis of a symmetric planar nonlinear directional coupler using a singular perturbation scheme.
To deal with wide-angle beam propagation, the fast Fourier transform BPM using a Pade approximant operator has been proposed [Yamauchi et al., 1994c], and to reduce quantization errors caused by a stepped approximation of the waveguide geometry, the FD-BPM using an oblique coordinate system has been proposed [Yamauchi et al., 1994d]. Furthermore, the generalized Douglas scheme has been incorporated into the FD-BPM [Yamauchi et al., 1995a] and into the Pade approximant FD-BPM [Yamauchi et al., 1995b].
Using the coupled-mode theory of Debye potentials, Hayata et al. [1993] have reported the theoretical formulation of coherent optical tunneling and the subsequent exchange of electromagnetic energy between two Mie-sized microspheres. Hayata and Koshiba [1995f] have shown analytically that application of an identity in conformal invariant field theories to multidimensional guided-wave optics predicts a generic family of modes with algebraic tails in the evanescent field.
(M. Koshiba)
Kamiya et al. [1993] have presented the experimental results with good performance of an optical waveguide phase controller for microwave signals generated by heterodyne photodetection. Yokota [1994] has applied the singular perturbation technique to the analysis of nonlinear output and input grating couplers. The radiation losses along a directional coupler with inhomogeneous transition sections have been analyzed using the coupled-mode theory based on the local normal modes [Yasumoto et al., 1994c]. The coupled-mode theory combined with the finite element method has been applied to the analysis of periodic waveguides [Ohkawa et al., 1994]. The guided and radiation modes in three-layered electron waveguides have been investigated and the difference between electron and optical waveguides are discussed [Kaji and Koshiba, 1994]. The guided wave theory has been presented [Hayata and Koshiba, 1994a] for a slab chemical waveguide composed of two regions with different chemical parameters. Hayata and Koshiba [1994b] have performed numerical simulations for the (3+1)-dimensional optical-field dynamics of nonstationary pulsed beams propagating in Kerr-like nonlinear channel waveguides and brought out a novel instability phenomenon. Optical switching characteristics in nonlinear waveguide arrays with a longitudinally decreasing coupling coefficients have been studied [Matsumoto et al., 1995].
Efficient numerical approaches based on the approximate scalar finite-element method have been formulated for the analyses of a coupling between laser and passive waveguides in multilayer slab waveguide [Hirayama and Koshiba, 1993], magnetooptic channel waveguides [Koshiba and Zhuang, 1993], curvature losses in an optical dielectric disk [Yamamoto and Koshiba, 1994], multilayered optical channel waveguides [Osman et al., 1994], anisotropic graded-index channel waveguides [Matsumae and Koshiba, 1994], and nonlinear optical channel waveguides [Niiyama et al., 1995]. Urano et al. [1994] have developed a finite element analysis of three-dimensional waveguide transfer problem and shown its application to coaxial line systems. The dispersion characteristics of three-dimensional chirowaveguides have been analyzed using the finite element method with edge/nodal elements [Maruyama and Koshiba, 1994]. Hotta et al. [1993] have discussed the modified beam propagation method that takes into account the reflection at abrupt discontinuities in weakly guiding waveguides. A design consideration for optical power dividers composed of three coupled waveguides has been presented [Hotta et al., 1994b] based on the finite difference beam propagation analysis. The iterative finite difference beam propagation method for dealing with nonlinear optical waveguides has been proposed [Yokota et al., 1994] and applied to the analysis of optical (X) coupler with a nonlinear dielectric region [Yokota et al., 1995].
Characteristics of energy conversion in a Cherenkov laser loaded with a Kerr-like medium have been analyzed by using the finite-element method [Shiozawa et al., 1994a] and the finite difference time-domain method [Shiozawa and Yoshitake, 1995].
(K. Yasumoto)
It has been demonstrated that efficiency in energy transfer from the relativistic electron beam to the electromagnetic wave in free-electron lasers can be greatly enhanced by decreasing the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave in accordance with the decrease in the beam velocity to keep the velocity synchronism between them. Shiozawa et al. [1994b] have shown that the characteristics of a Cherenkov laser are greatly improved by loading a nonlinear dielectric (Kerr-like medium) on it. Shiozawa and Mikawa [1994] have clarified that energy conversion efficiency in a dielectric-loaded Raman-type free-electron laser is greatly enhanced by gradually increasing the permittivity of the loaded dielectric in the direction of wave propagation. Shiozawa and Sata [1995] have shown that energy conversion efficiency in a Smith-Purcell free-electron laser is much improved by gradually changing one of the grating parameters along the grating waveguide.
Horinouchi et al. [1995] have investigated the nonlinear characteristics of a Cherenkov laser with the aid of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The effect of gradual permittivity change in a Cherenkov laser on its characteristics has been discussed by Sata et al. [1995]. The amplification characteristics of a Cherenkov laser loaded with a nonlinear dielectric (Kerr-like medium) have been analyzed by the multilayer approximation method [Nishimura et al., 1995].
(T. Shiozawa)
Considerable attention has been paid to antennas for personal handy phone systems. Kumon et al. [1994] have numerically analyzed a modified transmission line antenna. Characteristics of a monopole antenna mounted on a conducting box have been evaluated using the Gelerkin-moment method [Yamaguchi et al., 1993] and the FD-TD method [Luebbers et al., 1992]. The effects of the conductivity and the permittivity of the dielectric layer which covers the conducting box have been investigated by Chen et al. [1993]. NEC2 has also been used to estimate the radiation patterns [Saitoh et al., 1995].
A microstrip antenna (MSA) has also received much attention. A feeding technique for obtaining broad-band and dual-band performances has been described by Sakaguchi et al. [1992]. The characteristics of a conformal MSA have been evaluated using the conformal grids FDTD method [Kashiwa et al., 1994]. The effects of a finite ground plane of a GPS MSA on the patterns have been analyzed by equivalent edge currents with modified edge representation [Ando et al., 1994]. A GPS MSA mounted on the roof of a car model has also been studied using the UTD [Natsuhara et al., 1994].
A monofilar Archimedean slot antenna which is electromagnetically coupled to a feed line has been analyzed numerically [Hirose et al., 1994]. Hirokawa et al. [1994] have calculated the external aperture admittance and radiation pattern of a narrow slot cut across an edge of a sectoral cylinder in terms of a spectrum of two-dimensional solutions. Optimal design of an offset-fed, twin-slot antenna element for millimeter-wave imaging arrays has been reported [Qian et al., 1994]. The radiation from a rectangular waveguide with a lossy flange coating has been studied both analytically and experimentally [Yoshitomi et al., 1994].
(H. Nakano)
A new slot arrangement of a radial line slot antenna was proposed to radiate circularly polarized conical beam by Tanaka et al. [1994b]. A wideband radial line slot antenna with a power divider was studied by Yamamoto et al. [1995] to halve a feed line length and to enhance band-edge gain. Hosono et al. [1995] investigated a radial line slot antenna with a concentric slot arrangement fed by a cavity where a rotating mode is excited to improve rotational symmetry.
A new type of cavity-fed circularly polarized radial line microstrip antenna was developed by Shibata et al. [1993] and a beam-tilt characteristics were investigated. A curl antenna was proposed by Nakano et al. [1993b] and a cavity-fed circular array with 168 curl elements was designed for a direct broadcasting satellite receiving antenna. The improvement of the isolation characteristics of a self-diplexing array was reported by Chujo et al. [1993]. A circularly polarized two-layer ring patch antenna is used as a receiving and transmitting element. A two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna backed by a plane conductor operating in the second mode was studied numerically and experimentally by Yamauchi et al. [1994e].
A reflection cancelling slot pair for a linearly-polarized slotted waveguide array was proposed by Sakakibara et al. [1994] and its analysis, design and experimental results were presented in comparison with the conventional resonant slots. Crank lines on a dielectric substrate backed by a conducting plate for circular polarization were studied by Nakano et al. [1994] and the guided wavelength was evaluated from the current distribution. A practical design procedure for a circularly polarized series-fed printed array was proposed by Naito et al. [1994a]. The array element is composed of a strip dipole with a window and a slot, and Naito et al. [1994b] studied its characteristics by an FDTD method. From the viewpoint of frequency bandwidth, an optimum spacing between the strip and the slot is determined.
Ogawa et al. [1992] studied multipath suppression characteristics of a sample matrix inversion adaptive array in a high-speed digital land mobile communication environment. A future prospect and past development of adaptive array processors were summarized in Ogawa and Kikuma [1992]. A phased array composed of microstrip patch antennas was designed by Kuwahara et al. [1994] for scanning a vertical shaped beam over a horizontal range of 80 degrees. Scanning characteristics of a multibeam phased array antenna on the ETS-VI satellite for S-band intersatellite communications were studied by Tanaka et al. [1993].
A rectenna array was proposed for an unmanned platform flying in the stratosphere and a fundamental microwave power transmission experiment was carried out at 2.45 GHz by Ito et al. [1993]. A circular microstrip antenna with notches to reduce harmonic radiations was experimentally studied by Muramatsu et al. [1993] for the reception of microwave power transmission.
An optically controlled array antenna with a two-laser model was proposed by Konishi et al. [1992] and its microwave aperture distribution is generated using Fourier transform and optical/electrical conversion. Uehara et al. [1992] developed lens-coupled antenna imaging arrays for millimeter- and sub-millimeter-wave frequencies. They were studied from the viewpoint of the matching with the detectors and optical systems. Wave guiding properties of a periodic metal plate-loaded dielectric slab structure were investigated by Dawn et al. [1992] for obtaining surface wave antennas with broadside radiation and low VSWR.
(K. Hirasawa)
On the other hand, Naito et al. [1994c] designed a wide beam-spacing multibeam earth-station antenna. This antenna simultaneously accesses four CSs (Communications Satellite) and one BS (Broadcasting Satellite) for Japan's domestic services.
In the large-sized reflector antenna, Deguchi et al. [1993] realized a very surface accuracy by applying the radio holographic metrology.
Woo et al. [1995] proposed an in-building wireless system using semi-spherical reflector.
(K. Kagoshima)
Ohshima et al. [1995] improved the conventional MUSIC algorithm which assumes that each signal does not have a frequency dependence other than delay proportional to frequency due to a time delay. They presented realistic model which assume the signal to have an exponential amplitude frequency dependence. They applied the improved method to measure the scattering of a conducting sphere.
As the growth of mobile communication systems, accurate radiation efficiency evaluation techniques of small antennas have become important and Wheeler cap method has been considered. Ida and Ito [1994] analyzed the effect of Wheeler cap by moment method where they modeled the cap by surface patch. They showed the good agreement between measurement and calculation in the case of small loop antenna. Muramoto et al. [1995] also presented investigation results of Wheeler cap analyzed by moment method where they modeled the cap by wired grid. They showed the validity of Wheeler cap method except some frequency points where the cap resonates and cleared the reasonable size of the cap.
(K. Kagoshima)
Tateiba et al. [1993] have presented the effective dielectric constants of media where dielectric spheres are randomly distributed and have compared the results with those obtained by conventional EFA, QCA, and QCA-CP methods. Tateiba and Nanbu [1993] have investigated the condition for many dielectric spheres to be randomly distributed in view of expression of a coherent field. Tateiba [1995] has expressed the coherent and incoherent electromagnetic waves scattered by many particles in terms of solutions of integral equations.
For propagation in turbulent media, Furutsu [1993b] has derived a solution for intensity correlation functions of focused beam waves using the Lagrange variational principle in dynamics and have presented the zeroth- and first-order expressions similar to those obtained by an improved two-scale method. Furutsu and Ito [1993] have obtained the first-order solutions of the moment equation to evaluate the scintillation of focused beam waves in a turbulent medium for a variety of locations of the focal plane. Fujisaki and Tateiba [1994] have presented a spatial filtering method for reducing ill-effects of atmospheric turbulence on holographic imaging using airborne radars.
Many papers have appeared on various kinds of solitons in nonlinear media. The multidimensional optical soliton waves in quadratic and cubic nonlinear media have been presented by Hayata and Koshiba [1993a, 1994c] and by Hayata et al. [1995a]. Hayata and Koshiba [1994d] have obtained a bright-kink symbion resulting from the combined effect of self-trapping and intrapulse stimulated Raman scattering by using a Hartree approximation for a multidimensional generalized NLSE (nonlinear Schrodinger equation). A kink soliton with the Fermi-Dirac distribution, which arises from the coexisting quadratic and cubic nonlinearities in a dispersive medium, has been presented [Hayata and Koshiba, 1994e]. For cubic-quintic optical nonlinearities, the Fermi-Dirac kink solitary-wave solution [Hayata and Koshiba, 1995b] and the stability of multidimensional solitary waves [Hayata et at., 1995b] have been studied. Both bright and dark types of solitary waves have been predicted by Hayata and Koshiba [1995c] as a particular solution of a NLSE with two power-law nonlinear terms. The combined effect of chirality and nonlinearity of media has been found to give rise to electromagnetic spatial solitons with unique features [Hayata and Koshiba, 1995d]. In the presence of the second- and third-order nonlinearities, a single far-infrared pulse interacting with transverse-optic phonons in a crystal medium has been shown to offer an algebraic solitary wave [Hayata and Koshiba, 1995e]. The soliton propagation in a Kerr medium exhibiting a fractal nonlocal response [Hayata et al., 1995c] and the ultrashort pulsed-beam propagation in a Kerr-type bulk medium [Hayata et al., 1995d] have been studied.
Hayata and Koshiba [1992] have formulated a theory of the second-harmonic generation from an optically trapped microsphere with Mie size. An efficient method has been proposed for generating terahertz radiation by surface-emitting difference-frequency mixing from a Mie-sized crystalline microsphere that is illuminated by focused laser beams [Hayata and Koshiba, 1994f]. A method for generating femtosecond UV pulses in a beta-barium borate by frequency doubling of femtosecond pulses from a pulse laser has also been proposed [Hayata and Koshiba, 1993b].
The scattering of random rough surfaces has been analyzed using a stochastic functional approach. For the two-dimensional waveguide with perturbed boundary, Ogura and Wang [1994] have obtained the stochastic Green function in terms of Wiener-Ito expansion and have studied perturbed wave modes. Ogura and Takahashi [1995] have shown the backscattering enhancement arising from the second Wiener kernel for the scattering from a rough surface with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary. Wang et al. [1995a, 1995b] have studied the effect of slightly rough boundary of optical fiber on the propagating modes and the enhanced scattering from a planar waveguide structure with a slightly rough boundary. Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a slightly random conducting surface has been studied by Ogura et al. [1995] in detail in connection with the reciprocity, co- and cross-polarized scattering, and backscattering enhancement has been shown to occur again as a result of reciprocal double scattering processes.
(S. Ito)
Contents
Commission A ('96)
Commission C ('96)
Commission B ('93)
Commission B ('99)
Adachi, S., Comments on "Slenderness approximations in RCS estimation--The simplest 2-D case," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 41, 3, 392-393 (1993)
Adachi, S., and T. Uno, One-dimensional target profiling by electromagnetic backscattering, J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 7, 403-421 (1993)
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Chen, Q., K. Sawaya, T. Uno, S. Adachi, H. Ochi, and E. Yamamoto, A three dimensional analysis of slotted tube resonator for MRI, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging., 13, 587-593 (1994)
Chen, S., M. Oodo, M. Ando, and N. Goto, PO diffraction coefficients for the surface on a grounded dielectric slab, IEICE Trans. Electron., E78-C, 1433-1439 (1995)
Chujo, W., M. Fujise, H. Arai, and N. Goto, Improvement of the isolation characteristics of a two-layer self-diplexing array antenna using a circularly polarized ring patch antenna, IEICE Trans. Commun., E76-B, 755-758 (1993)
Dawn, D., and T. Yoneyama, Periodic metal plate-loaded dielectric slab antenna with broadside radiation, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 40, 1076-1081 (1992)
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Egashira, S., T. Tanaka, A. Sakitani, and Y. Egashira, Development of an AM/FM-mobile telephone tri-band antenna using double sleeve structure, The J. Inst. Television Eng. Japan, 46, 1643-1649 (1992)
Egashira, S., T. Tanaka, and A. Sakitani, A design of AM/FM mobile telephone triband antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 42, 538-540 (1994)
Eguchi, M., and M. Koshiba, Accurate finite-element analysis of dual-mode highly elliptical-core fibers, J. Lightwave Technol., 12, 607-613 (1994)
Eguchi, M., and M. Koshiba, Behavior of the first higher-order modes of a circular core optical fiber whose core cross-section changes into an ellipse, J. Lightwave Tech., 13, 127-136 (1995)
Fujino, Y., and C. E. Tong, Analysis of an open-ended waveguide as a probe for near field antenna measurements by using TLM method, IEICE Trans. Commun., E77-B, 1048-1055 (1994)
Fujisaki, K., and M. Tateiba, Restoration of holographic image degraded by atmospheric turbulence through spatial filtering, J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., 8, 315-327 (1994)
Furutsu, K., Fixed scatterer in a random medium: shadowing, enhanced backscattering, and the inner structure of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, Appl. Opt., 32, 2706-2721 (1993a)
Furutsu, K., Lagrange method and boundary conditions for the intensity correlation functions in turbulent media, Waves in Random Media, 3, 157-175 (1993b)
Furutsu, K., Boundary-value problems of enhanced backscattering in a random medium and the inner structure of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, Phys. Rev. E, 51, 3, 2550-2565 (1995)
Furutsu, K., and S. Ito, Scintillation of focused beam waves in a turbulent medium: as a first order solution of the moment equation, Appl. Opt., 32, 36, 7512-7527 (1993)
Gotoh, H., and M. Koshiba, Finite element analysis of electron waveguide discontinuities with arbitrary potential and effective mass distributions, Trans. IEICE, J78-C-I, 55-61 (in Japanese) (1995)
Hano, M., M. Kondo, and I. Awai, Finite element analysis of excitation and propagation problems of magnetostatic forward volume wave, Trans. IEICE, J75-C-I, 721-729 (in Japanese) (1992)
Harada, H., T. Takenaka, and M. Tanaka, An efficient reconstruction algorithm for diffraction tomography, IEICE Trans. Electron., E75-C, 1387-1394 (1992)
Harada, H., M. Tanaka, T. Takenaka, and H. Goto, On stability of diffraction tomography based on modified Newton-Kantorovich method, Trans. IEICE, J76-C-I, 189-191 (in Japanese) (1993)
Harada, H., D. J. N. Wall, T. Takenaka, and M. Tanaka, Conjugate gradient method applied to inverse scattering problem, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 43, 784-792 (1995)
Hasegawa, K., and M. Koshiba, Finite-element analysis of periodic surface acoustic waveguides, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34, 2642-2645 (1995)
Hasegawa, T., K. Atsuki, K. Li, and E. Yamashita, An analysis of striplines with trapezoidal conductor cross sections, Trans. IEICE, J77-C-I, 7, 423-431 (in Japanese) (1994a)
Hasegawa, K., K. Inagawa, and M. Koshiba, A solution method based on the coupled-mode theory for natural single-phase unidirectional SAW transducers, Trans. IEICE, J77-C-I, 398-404 (in Japanese) (1994b)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Theory of surface-emitting second-harmonic generation from optically trapped microspheres, Rhys. Rev. E, 46, 6104-6107 (1992)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Multidimensional solitons in quadratic nonlinear media, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, 3275-3278 (1993a)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Group-velocity-matched second-harmonic generation: An efficient scheme for femtosecond ultraviolet pulse generation in periodically domain-inverted EMBED Equation |, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2188-2190 (1993b)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Theory of chemical waveguides, IEICE Trans. Electron., E77-C, 1706-1709 (1994a)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Time-resolved nonstationary-field dynamics in nonlinear optical channel waveguides: numerical evidence for intrapulse switching and space-time spontaneous symmetry-breaking instabilities, IEICE Trans. Electron., E77-C, 1828-1832 (1994b)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Multidimensional solitons in cubic nonlinear media, Opt. Lett., 19, 1717-1719 (1994c)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Bright-kink symbions resulting from the combined effect of self-trapping and intrapulse stimulated Raman scattering, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 11, 61-63 (1994d)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Kink solitons in quadratic-cubic nonlinear dispersive media, Phys. Rev. E, 50, 3267-3270 (1994e)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Superefficient method for generating terahertz radiation by difference-frequency mixing between whispering-gallery modes in a Mie-sized spherical cavity, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 11, 2572-2580 (1994f)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Algebraically decaying modes of dielectric planar waveguides, Opt. Lett., 20, 10, 1131-1132 (1995a)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Fermi-Dirac kink propagation in high-order nonlinear media, Opt. Rev. 2, 4-5 (1995b)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Algebraic solitary-wave solutions of a nonlinear Schrodinger equation, Phys. Rev. E, 51, 1499-1502 (1995c)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Chirosolitons: unique spatial solitons in chiral media, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 43, 1814-1818 (1995d)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Algebraic solitary-wave polaritons in far-infrared transients, Phys. Rev. E, 51, 5155-5157 (1995e)
Hayata, K., and M. Koshiba, Algebraically decaying modes in many dimensions: application of Fubini's identity to guided wave optics, Opt. Rev., 2, 331-333 (1995f)
Hayata, K., H. Yenaka, and M. Koshiba, Theory of coherent optical coupling between dielectric microspheres, Opt. Lett., 18, 1385-1387 (1993)
Hayata, K., Y. Uehara, and M. Koshiba, Dynamic stabilization of self-trapped solitary waves in cubic nonlinear media: a route to multidimensional solitons, Phys. Rev. A, 51, 1549-1552 (1995a)
Hayata, K., H. Higaki, and M. Koshiba, Stability of multidimensional solitary waves for cubic-quintic nonlinearity, Opt. Rev. 2, 233-235 (1995b)
Hayata, K., H. Higaki, and M. Koshiba, Solitons and fractal Kerr medium, Opt. Rev. 2, 89-91 (1995c)
Hayata, K., H. Higaki, and M. Koshiba, Stable light-bullet formation in a Kerr medium: a route to multidimensional solitons in the femtosecond regime, IEICE Trans. Electron., E78-C, 38-42 (1995d)
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Hira, M., Y. Mizumoto, and S. Kurazono, Frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain analysis of high-T_c superconducting asymmetric coplanar strip line, IEICE Trans. Electron., E78-C, 7, 873-877 (1995)
Hiratsuka, T., Y. Ida, N. Imai, and E. Ogawa, A Ku-band transversal filter using directional couplers made of a multilayer ceramic, IEICE Trans. Electron., E78-C, 8, 1134-1138 (1995)
Hirayama, K., and M. Koshiba, Rigorous analysis of coupling between laser and passive waveguide in multilayer slab waveguide, J. Lightwave Technol., 11, 1353-1359 (1993)
Hirayama, K., M. S. Alam, Y. Hayashi, and M. Koshiba, Vector finite element method with mixed-interpolation-type triangular-prism element for waveguide discontinuities, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., MTT-42, 2311-2316 (1994)
Hirokawa, J., J. Wettergren, P.-S. Kildal, M. Ando, and N. Goto, Calculation of external aperture admittance and radiation pattern of a narrow slot cut across an edge of a sectoral cylinder in terms of a spectrum of two-dimensional solutions, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 42, 1243-1249 (1994)
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Horinouchi, K., and T. Shiozawa, Analysis of dynamic behavior of an open-boundary Cherenkov laser, Trans. IEICE, J76-C-I, 331-336 (in Japanese) (1993)
Horinouchi, K., M. Sata, and T. Shiozawa, Analysis of characteristics of a Cherenkov laser for an electromagnetic wave with continuous frequency spectrum, IEICE Trans. Electron., E76-C, 1481-1486 (1993)
Horinouchi, K., M. Sanda, H. Takahashi, and T. Shiozawa, Analysis of characteristics of a Cherenkov laser via particle simulation, Trans. IEICE, J78-C-I, 1-8 (in Japanese) (1995)
Hosono, T., Electromagnetic power flow and its expression--Poynting vector and Nukiyama vector--, Trans. IEICE, J77-C-I, 10, 519--528 (in Japanese) (1994)
Hosono, S., J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, N. Goto, and H. Arai, A rotating mode radial line slot antenna fed by a cavity resonator, IEICE Trans. Commun., E78-B, 407-413 (1995)
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Ishii, N., T. Fukasawa, and K. Itoh, Analysis of high-Tc superconducting microstrip antenna using modified spectral domain moment method, IEICE Trans. Electron., E77-C, 1242-1248 (1994)
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Ito, S., T. Oguchi, T. Iguchi, H. Kumagai, and R. Meneghini, Depolarization of radar signals due to multiple scattering in rain, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 33, 4, 1057-1062 (1995)
Ito, T., Y. Fujino, and M. Fujita, Fundamental experiment of a rectenna array for microwave power reception, IEICE Trans. Commun., E76-B, 1508-1513 (1993)
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Kaji, R., and M. Koshiba, A complete set of normal modes in three-layered electron waveguides, IEEE. J. Quantum Electron., 30, 1971-1980 (1994)
Kameda, K., and T. Hosono, Characteristics of polarization splitters constructed from a circular hollow pit outside the cores, Trans. IEICE, J78-C-I, 273-281 (in Japanese) (1995)
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Kitamura, T., S. Kurazono, T. Koshimae, and M. Hira, Analysis of cylindrical microstrip lines utilizing the finite-difference time-domain method, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 42, 7, 1279-1282 (1994)
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Kitazawa, T., D. Polifko, and H. Ogawa, Simplified analysis of coplanar waveguide for LiNbO3 optical modulator by variational method, IEICE Trans. Electron., E76-C, 2, 244-250 (1993)
Kobayashi, M., and Y. Nemoto, Analysis of pulse dispersion distortion along exponential and Tchebycheff microstrip tapers, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 42, 5, 834-839 (1994)
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Koshiba, M., Design and simulation of optical integrated circuits, Trans. IEICE, J77-C-1, 159-167 (in Japanese) (1994)
Koshiba, M., and X. P. Zhuang, An efficient finite-element analysis of magnetooptic channel waveguides, J. Lightwave Technol., 11, 1453-1458 (1993)
Koshiba, M., S. Maruyama, and K. Hirayama, A vector finite element method with the high-order mixed-interpolation-type triangular elements for optical waveguiding problems, J. Lightwave Tech., 12, 495-502 (1994)
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Ma, Z., and E. Yamashita, Wave leakage from groove NRD structures, IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Lett., 3, 6, 170-172 (1993)
Ma, Z., and E. Yamashita, Space wave leakage from higher order modes on various planar transmission line structures, IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 1033-1036 (1994a)
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Ma, Z., and E. Yamashita, Characteristics of leaky NRD waveguide structures with asymmetric housing, Dig. of the 19th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves (IRMM'94), 228-229 (1994c)
Ma, Z., and E. Yamashita, Port reflection coefficient method for solving multi-port microwave network problems, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 43, 331-337 (1995a)
Ma, Z., and E. Yamashita, Efficient fullwave analysis of a waveguide T-junction with an inductive post, IEICE Trans. Electron., E78-C, 1117-1124 (1995b)
Ma, Z., E. Yamashita, and S. Xu, Hybrid-mode analysis of planar transmission lines with arbitrary metallization cross sections, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 41, 491-497 (1993a)
Ma, Z., E. Yamashita, and S. Xu, Transverse scattering matrix formulation for a class of waveguide eigenvalue problems, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 41, 1044-1051 (1993b)
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Nakano, H., and K. Hirose, Numerical analysis of a crank-type antenna on a dielectric substrate, Int. J. Microwave & Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Eng., 43-49 (1994)
Nakano, H., and H. Mimaki, Radiation from a short helical antenna backed by a cavity, Electron. Lett., 31, 602-604 (1995)
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Nishimoto, M., and H. Ikuno, Method of numerical calculation of paths of creeping rays on a convex body, IEICE Trans. Electron., E77-C, 1833-1836 (1994)
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Contents
Commission A ('96)
Commission C ('96)
Commission B ('93)
Commission B ('99)